UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

Form 10-K

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006

 

Commission file number 1-32375

 

 

 

 

Comstock Homebuilding Companies, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

11465 Sunset Hills Road

5th Floor

Reston, Virginia 20190

(703) 883-1700

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Class A common stock, par value $.01 per share

(Title of Class)

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one) Large Accelerated filer o Accelerated filer þ Non-accelerated filer o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of The Act). Yes o No þ

 

The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the registrant (9,279,883 shares) based on the last reported sale price of the registrant’s common equity on the NASDAQ Global Market on June 30, 2006, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $58,741,659. For purposes of this computation, all officers, directors, and 10% beneficial owners of the registrant are deemed to be affiliates. Such determination should not be deemed to be an admission that such officers, directors, or 10% beneficial owners are, in fact, affiliates of the registrant.

 

As of February 28, 2007, there were outstanding 13,552,567 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, par value $.01 per share, and 2,733,500 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 

COMSTOCK HOMEBUILDING COMPANIES, INC.

 

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Overview

 

We are a real estate developer that has substantial experience building a diverse range of products including single-family homes, townhouses, mid-rise condominiums, high-rise multi-family buildings and mixed-use (residential and commercial) developments in suburban communities and high density urban infill areas. We build projects with the intent that they be sold either as fee-simple properties, condominiums, or stabilized investment properties. We focus on geographic areas, products and price points where we believe there is significant demand for new housing and potential for attractive returns. We currently develop and build in the Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina, and Atlanta, Georgia markets where we target a diverse range of home buyers, including first-time, early move-up, secondary move-up, empty nester move-down and active adult home buyers. We focus on what we call the “middle-market” meaning that we tend to build in the middle price points in each market, avoiding low end and upper end products. We believe that these price points cater to a significant and stable segment of the home buyers in our markets. Since our founding in 1985 and as of December 31, 2006, we have built and delivered over 4,000 homes valued at over $1.0 billion.

 

Our markets have generally been characterized by strong population and economic growth trends that have led to strong demand for traditional housing. While we prefer to purchase building lots that are developed by others when practical, our core capabilities include the ability to manage the entitlement and development of land for our home building operations. We believe this is a complement to the purchasing of finished building lots developed by others because it enables us to pursue projects that have potentially higher returns. In addition, our business includes the development, redevelopment and construction of residential mid-rise and high-rise condominium complexes. The majority of our multi-family projects are in our core market of the greater Washington, D.C. area. We believe that the demographics and housing trends in the Washington, DC area will continue to produce significant demand for high density housing and mixed-use developments. In our other markets, Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia, we are currently focused on lower density housing such as single family homes and townhomes.

 

We were incorporated in Delaware in May 2004. Our business was founded in 1985 by Christopher Clemente, our current Chief Executive Officer, as a residential land developer and home builder focused on the move-up home market in the northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C. Prior to our initial public offering in December 2004, we operated our business through four primary holding companies. In connection with our initial public offering, these primary holding companies were consolidated and merged into Comstock Homebuilding Companies, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 11465 Sunset Hills Road, 5th floor, Reston, Virginia 20190, and our telephone number is (703) 883-1700. Our Web site is www.comstockhomebuilding.com. References to “Comstock,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Comstock Homebuilding Companies, Inc. together in each case with our subsidiaries and any predecessor entities unless the context suggests otherwise.

 

Our Markets

 

We operate in the greater Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia markets. We believe that the new home industry in our core markets is, over the long term, characterized by consistent demand and a limited supply of affordable new housing. Based on our experience, we believe that in the home building industry, local economic trends and influences have a more significant impact on supply and demand, and therefore on profitability, than national economic trends and influences. We believe the leading economic indicator of housing demand is job growth. Each of our primary markets experienced strong job growth in recent years. We believe that where there is strong job growth there will be population growth which will result in demand for new housing. According to the National Association of Home Builders, the Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan areas were each ranked in the top 20 housing markets in the country based upon single-family residential building permits issued in 2006. The Washington, D.C. metropolitan area was ranked as the #10 housing market in the country based upon multi-family building permits issued in 2006, and the Atlanta, Georgia market was ranked #2 in the country based upon residential building permits issued in 2006.

Our Business Strategy

 

Our general business strategy is to focus on for-sale residential real estate development opportunities in the southeastern United States that afford us the ability to produce products at price points where we believe there is significant and consistent long-term demand for new housing. We believe the housing industry is cyclical in nature. We recognize that current market conditions are extremely challenging. Accordingly, we have adapted our business plan and strategy with the goal of protecting liquidity, enhancing our balance sheet and positioning the Company for future growth when market conditions improve. In connection with this strategy, we have adopted a conservative approach to land acquisition and investment and have taken a patient approach with respect to market expansion. We believe that by doing so we are enhancing our ability to take advantage of attractive real estate investment opportunities in our core markets as market conditions improve. Our general operating business strategy has the following key elements:

 

Attract and retain experienced personnel at all levels.  We believe the key to success in our business is attracting and retaining experienced professionals at all levels within the organization. This is just as important with sales and field supervisor positions as it is with management level positions. We work to identify, recruit, train and retain the most qualified management and support personnel available.

 

Build in and expand with the strong growth markets of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast region of the United States. We believe there are significant opportunities for long term growth in our existing markets and region. Our strategy is to operate our business in our current markets and region to capitalize on the robust economies and continued population growth of these areas. We expect the economic growth in these markets to continue. We plan to utilize our strong regional presence and our extensive experience in these markets to expand our operations in these markets through acquisition of both finished and raw land as well as acquisition of local home builders whose operations would complement ours and enhance our competitive position in the marketplace. With regards to such corporate acquisitions we look for homebuilders that have strategic land positions, strong local management teams, access to additional land supply and good relationships with local subcontractors. We expect to target new markets within our core region that have favorable demographic and economic trends where we believe we will be able to achieve sufficient scale over time to successfully implement our business strategy.

 

Manage our land inventory to provide the most attractive margins or returns possible. We believe that our market knowledge and experience in land entitlement and development enable us to successfully identify attractive land acquisition opportunities, efficiently manage the process of obtaining development rights and maximize land value. We have the expertise needed to acquire land positions in various stages of the entitlement and development process, which we believe provides us more opportunities to acquire development opportunities than many of our competitors. We believe we are able to utilize our capabilities in land acquisition, land planning, and land development to maximize the potential return achieved from developing each property. As a complement to this approach we also seek to acquire finished building lots that have been developed by others for our home building operation. We believe our network of relationships and broad recognition in our core markets gives us an advantage over some of our competitors in acquiring finished lots. Because in the case of finished lots we can often acquire options on large numbers of lots with relatively small deposits in relation to the total land purchase price, this strategy of purchasing finished lots allows us to cost-efficiently control significant land positions with reduced capital risk. As such, we intend to continue to option land positions whenever possible.

 

Create opportunities in areas overlooked by our competitors. We believe there is a significant market opportunity for well-designed, quality homes and condominiums in urban and suburban areas in close proximity to transportation facilities. Local governments in our markets, especially the greater Washington, D.C. market, have modified zoning codes in response to mounting traffic concerns to allow for high-density residential development near transportation improvements. In our experience, buyers place a premium on new homes in developments within these areas. We believe that our high density townhouse and condominium products, along with our substantial experience in dealing with both the market and regulatory requirements of urban mixed-use developments, enable us to identify and create value in land parcels often overlooked by traditional home builders. As a result, we believe we have an opportunity to generate profit in more ways than some of our larger competitors. We plan to continue to focus on developing and creating these opportunities within our core markets.

Focus on a broad segment of the home buying market, the “middle of the market”. Our single-family homes, townhouses and condominiums are deliberately designed and priced to appeal to a broad segment of the home buying market. We serve a diverse customer base including first-time, early move-up, secondary move-up, empty nester move-down and active adult home buyers. We refer to customers in these demographics as “middle market homebuyers.” We believe first-time and early move-up home buyers represent a significant portion of home buyers and have in the past, we believe, been more resistant to market downturns and more responsive to market rebounds. We believe that the aging of the American population makes it more likely that a significant percentage of the population will continue to be attracted to secondary move-up, empty nester move-down and active adult housing products as well. We expect our diversified product offerings to position us to benefit from the projected population growth in our core markets and provide long term protection against periodic market fluctuations.

 

Position our inventory for the growing active adult market. We expect the large and aging baby boom population in the United States to fuel growth in the active adult market of the home building industry. As the baby boom generation ages, we anticipate that housing developments focused on this population will capture a larger share of the market. We believe this growing segment of the population will also likely be attracted to the convenience and activities available in upscale urban mixed-use active adult developments. Active adult developments are often favored by local governments because they increase the tax base while requiring fewer government-funded services and infrastructure, such as schools and summer programs, as compared to traditional developments that attract younger families. We believe that because of our experience and capabilities and our focus on the southeastern United States that we are well positioned to benefit from this growing demand.

 

Maximize our economies of scale.  We apply a production home builder approach to all of our product categories. In many instances, we utilize plans across multiple markets which we have built numerous times. This repetitive manufacturing process allows us to minimize cost through value engineering resulting from previous field experience. We are also able to coordinate labor and material purchasing under bulk contracts thereby reducing unit costs. As a result, we are able to realize economies of scale in the purchase of raw materials, supplies, manufactured inputs and labor. As we expand, we will seek to maximize these benefits through purchasing arrangements with national and regional vendors.

 

In light of current depressed market conditions in the homebuilding industry we have adopted the following additional business strategies which we will focus on throughout 2007 and into 2008:

 

Protect liquidity and maximize capital availability.  For so long as market demand for housing remains depressed we will remain highly focused on maintaining liquidity by limiting our investments in long term real estate projects. We will build our pipeline of new development opportunities through a cautious and measured approach. When available, we will focus on the acquisition of finished building lots and parcels with shorter times to market that often have reduced equity requirements as compared to raw land parcels that require entitlement and development. In addition, in order to maintain sufficient operating liquidity and capital availability we will continue to sell certain assets that are either highly leveraged or have significant cash equity.

 

Invest in creating a highly qualified sales force capable of closing sales in difficult times. We believe that enhancing the capabilities of our sales force is critical to success in a difficult market. Accordingly, we have initiated an organized recruiting effort and enhanced our training programs to ensure that we have the best possible sales force. We believe this will increase conversion ratios, decrease cancellations, and improve pricing power.

 

Maximize the realized value of our real estate owned.  Because of the our depth of experience in many different aspects of real estate development we believe that we are able to continuously evaluate and re-evaluate the use of the real estate we own and therefore are well positioned to identify alternative uses for the inventory we own that may increase the value of such properties. This effort is currently primarily focused on our multi-family assets in the greater Washington, D.C. area where the demand for such products has been temporarily depressed as a result of over building and high price appreciation. One manner in which we are addressing this is by selling certain condominium projects in part, or in whole, to buyers of for-rent properties. As a result of the very low vacancy rates in the apartment inventory in the Washington, D.C. area the values of for-rent apartment properties continue to be enhanced. We have been successful in selling certain condominium assets as for-rent property and may continue our efforts in that regard to ensure that we are taking steps that we believe will enhance our balance sheet and liquidity. Our effort in this regard tends to be with respect to certain inventory that is either underperforming or holds a higher

total value for a rental property owner that it otherwise would for individual homeowners in the aggregate. In properties where a bulk sale is impractical we have initiated our own internal ‘bridge’ rental operations to maximize short term cash flow from the property and minimize net debt service obligations while we wait for market conditions to improve.

 

Concentrate on finished lot option takedown opportunities. In an effort to minimize the equity required in an acquisition of building lots and shorten our asset turn cycles we have increased our focus on finished building lots sold by developers on an option takedown basis.

 

Identify and capitalize on undervalued and/or distressed real estate assets. We believe that in every real estate downturn there are opportunities to acquire properties for development that have the potential of delivering above average returns in the future. Because of our extensive experience in real estate development and our experience in managing more then one cyclical downturn and cyclical upturn, we believe that we are well positioned to identify attractive opportunities. By intensely focusing in the short term on our liquidity and by taking steps to enhance our balance sheet and cash reserves, we believe that we will be well positioned to capitalize on such opportunities.

 

Capitalize on our public status to attract capital and build a sustainable pipeline for future growth. We believe that as a public homebuilder we have advantages over our private peers when it comes to access to capital by virtue of our public status. We intend to capitalize on the transparent nature of our financial reporting and utilize our public currency to attract alternative sources of capital into the company and acquire growth assets without depleting our liquidity.

 

Invest in technology to streamline operations, increase our ability to communicate with customers and facilitate growth. During 2006 we invested in the upgrade of our information management and accounting systems. This new platform will allow us to manage our business more efficiently and better control our costs as we grow. The platform we have created will help position us to better utilize technology to facilitate the sale of our products, communicate with customers and enhance operating results.

 

Our Operations

 

We integrate the process of building a home by carefully controlling each phase of the process from land acquisition to the construction, marketing and sale of a home. During every stage of the process we manage risk and focus on products, geographic areas and price points in an effort to maximize our revenue and profit opportunities.

 

Land Identification and Acquisition

 

We believe that by controlling and managing a significant portion of our land inventory through options we will be better able to manage our growth in accordance with our business plan and long term growth objectives.

 

In the past we have acquired land for our home building operations both as finished building lots and as raw land that we develop. Today we seek to acquire land that will be delivered to us as finished building lots and/or developed building pads whenever practical. Our goal is to contract to purchase land from land developers who will maintain ownership of the land through the entitlement and development process. When we contract to purchase land in this manner we typically will provide our home building and entitlement expertise to the seller in order to ensure the land is developed in a manner consistent with our plans for the project. By contracting to purchase land during the entitlement and development process that will deliver upon completion of development we reduce the financial risks associated with seeking entitlements and performing land development.

 

We currently own and buy land that we develop into building lots ourselves. We will generally buy undeveloped land when we are developing high-density projects because the product design is often integrated into the site development operations. We also buy land that we develop into traditional building lots when we believe the capital outlay and additional risk associated with developing the land is manageable and the return on investment will be enhanced. When we purchase these types of sites, it is after the development rights have been secured, which eliminates or substantially reduces risks associated with seeking entitlements.

 

We also engage in the business of converting existing rental apartment properties to for-sale condominium projects. This process involves the purchase of existing structures which are occupied by tenants with leases of

varying duration. When we purchase these properties we subdivide the units and form a condominium association. In these projects we have and continue to invest capital in the improvement of the common areas and exteriors. In the past, our strategy was that as the tenants’ leases expired we renovated the interiors of the apartments and then sold each apartment as an individual condominium unit. In recent months our business model has changed due to market conditions. In response to slowed absorption at these projects we have elected to continue to lease unsold inventory to renters. We have not abandoned our intent to sell the units as condominiums over time but we have chosen to temporarily manage the properties as rental assets to offset the debt service associated with holding the assets for sale. In certain cases we have sold condo conversion units in bulk to rental project investors and operators. We do not currently expect to continue to acquire additional condominium conversion and similar projects.

 

Our land acquisition and development process is overseen by an executive land committee that includes representatives from our various business departments. This committee meets regularly to evaluate prospective land acquisitions and underperforming assets. The committee evaluates several factors that could affect the outcome of a project under consideration. These factors include:

 

 

We focus on acquiring new projects that we believe have the potential to generate revenue on home sales as well as appreciation in land value through the application of our entitlement and development expertise. Many of the sites we choose to invest in have been overlooked by large, national competitors due to the complexity of zoning and entitlement issues or other development characteristics. Our acquisition due diligence process involves a high level of scrutiny which includes a variety of analyses, including land title examination, applicable zoning evaluations, environmental analysis, soil analysis, utility availability studies, and marketing studies that review population and employment trends, school districts, access to regional transportation facilities, prospective home buyer profiles, sales forecasts, projected construction costs, labor and material availability, assessment of political risks and other factors. While we make assumptions about costs of development and construction as well as sales pricing, we often will not know these items for sure until after we have committed to or purchased the project.

 

Land Entitlement and Development

 

We manage development opportunities and risks through our in-house entitlement processing group.

 

We have extensive knowledge and experience in all aspects of the site selection, land planning, entitlement and land development processes. Specifically, we have significant experience in dealing with the governmental and regulatory authorities that govern the site selection, development and zoning processes. Entitlement is the process by which a local government determines the density it will permit to be developed on a particular property. Entitlements and development permits are often obtained through negotiations with local governmental authorities. This process often involves consultation with various parties, including the local homeowner associations, federal governmental agencies and environmental protection groups. Infrastructure improvements, such as sewers, roads, utilities and transportation improvements are often required to be built in connection with the development of a parcel of land.

 

Our experience and knowledge allow us to effectively negotiate with all concerned parties in an attempt to ensure the costs of the improvements associated with obtaining entitlements are commensurate with the

development potential of the subject property. We can quickly assess the likely approvals on a particular property in the early stages of our due diligence process. As a result, we can control the details of development, from the design of each community entryway to the placement of streets, utilities and amenities, in order to efficiently design a development that we expect will improve our ability to maximize the potential return on our investment in the property. We seek to manage development risk by acquiring options to purchase properties after the approval of the necessary entitlements, while assuming control of their entitlement process, thereby deferring acquisition of the property until all necessary entitlements are obtained.

 

Our goal is to maximize returns on assets we control or own. As such we may, from time to time, sell lots and parcels within our developments to other home builders. This strategy enables us to better balance our inventory and create a more well-rounded community. With respect to our inventory, our goal is to purchase our inventory when it is ready for a home to be built but we also buy raw land that is entitled. Typically we will own approximately 50% of the total land we have under our control at any given time. Our goal in 2007 is to reduce that to 30-40% on average so that we reduce the risk associated with ownership of the land under our control. We expect to expand our control of building lots through more option contracts for finished building lots and developed sites. As of December 31, 2006, we controlled over 4,000 building lots in our markets.

 

Sales, Marketing and Production

 

Our primary target markets are first-time; early-move up and first move-down home buyers. We have a wide variety of product lines and custom options for our products that enable us to meet the specific needs of each of our markets and each of our home buyers. We believe that our diversified product strategy enables us to best serve a wide range of home buyers in our target demographics and adapt quickly to changing market conditions. We continually reevaluate and improve upon our existing product designs and develop new product offerings to keep up with changing consumer demands and emerging market trends.

 

Our single-family homes range in size from approximately 1,400 square feet to over 6,000 square feet with target pricing from the $100,000s to the $700,000s. Our townhouses range in size from approximately 1,200 square feet to over 4,500 square feet and are typically priced from the $100,000s to the $600,000s.

 

Unlike many of our traditional home building competitors, we also design, sell and build mid-rise and high-rise condominiums. We believe that our condominium products are particularly well-suited to the high-density, infill and active adult home buyer markets. Our condominiums range in size from approximately 400 square feet to over 2,400 square feet and are priced from the $100,000s to over $1 million. Our average new order price over all product types, was $245,000, $365,000 and $369,000 for the year’s ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

 

We typically act as the general contractor in the construction of our wood frame single-family homes, townhouses and mid-rise condominium buildings. On projects where we offer these product lines our employees provide land development management, construction management, material purchasing and quality control supervision on the homes we build. Substantially all construction work on these types of projects is done by subcontractors that contract directly with us and with whom we typically have an established relationship. On our high-rise and mixed-use developments where we typically build concrete structures, we engage a general contractor for the site preparation and construction management, and typically we have a fixed price or a gross maximum price bonded contract with the selected general contractor. In these instances the subcontractors that perform the construction work are typically contracted directly by the general contractor that we select. On projects where we offer these product lines our employees provide land development oversight management, construction quality supervision and construction management services. In all instances we follow generally accepted management procedures and construction techniques which are consistent with local market practices. We believe that we comply with local and state building codes on all of our developments.

 

Our goal is to commence construction on a majority of our single-family homes after a contract is signed and mortgage approval has been obtained by the home buyer. We generally begin construction of our townhouses and condominiums after we have obtained customer pre-sale commitments for a significant percentage of the units in the building. Depending on the market conditions and the specific community, we may also build speculative homes. Most of these homes are sold while under construction or are used as model homes during the marketing phase of the project. We closely monitor our inventory of speculative units applying a measured approach to unit

production in keeping with sales absorption. In recent months we have experienced increases in cancellation rates which have caused us to have more constructed speculative inventory. We have suspended additional speculative building at most of our projects as we work through the process of selling existing inventory first. On occasion we will sell a completed model home to a third party investor purchaser who is willing to lease back the home to us for use during the marketing phase of a project.

 

To facilitate the sale of our products, we normally build, decorate, furnish and landscape model homes for each product line and maintain onsite sales offices. In most cases, we employ in-house commissioned sales personnel to sell our homes. On occasion we will contract for marketing services with a third party brokerage firm. All personnel engaged in the sale of Comstock homes receive extensive training in the sales process from our in-house sales training group. We strive to provide a high level of customer service during the sales process. Through multi lingual home buying seminars, relationships with preferred mortgage lenders and utilization of a series of proprietary custom marketing programs, we are able to educate our prospects, prepare our customers for home ownership and help our homebuyers obtain a mortgage tailored to their specific needs.

 

Our unique NextHome^tm programs are designed to assist our customers in many aspects of purchasing a Comstock home, as follows:

 

 

All personnel involved in the sale of our homes receive extensive training on the product they are selling. In addition, our sales professionals are trained on the specialized programs offered by us in connection with the purchasing, customizing and financing of a Comstock home and the warranty we provide. We employ in-house commissioned sales personnel to sell our homes. We intend to employ our sales personnel on a long-term basis, rather than a project-by-project basis, which we believe results in a more committed and motivated sales force with better product knowledge. We believe that this has a positive impact on sales and conversion.

 

Our corporate and local marketing directors work with local project and sales managers to develop marketing objectives, sales strategies and advertising and public relations programs for our communities. These objectives, strategies and home pricing decisions are subject to approval by senior management. We typically build, decorate, furnish and landscape model homes for each product line and maintain onsite sales offices, which are open seven days a week. We believe that model homes play a critical role in our marketing efforts.

 

Our homes are typically sold before or during construction through sales contracts that are accompanied by a cash deposit. Such sales contracts are usually subject to certain contingencies such as the home buyer’s ability to qualify for financing. Cancellation rates are subject to a variety of factors beyond our control such as consumer confidence, media hype relating to homebuilding and adverse economic conditions which lower consumer confidence, increase mortgage interest rates and negatively affect the sale of our existing homes. During 2006 our cancellation rate increased across all or our products in all of our markets. Cancellations and other factors can increase the level of speculative inventory we hold from time to time.

 

In 2006, we opened an innovative sales center located in Reston, Virginia. Unlike the typical builder design center, this facility does not sell options; rather it supports cross-product and cross-community shopping in one

central location. In the Comstock NextHome store prospects are able to see multiple Comstock projects within multiple markets, arrange for financing and shop for options all in one location. While this location does not replace on-site models, it allows us to shorten a project’s time-to-market and it provides a permanent location where projects are previewed and prospects are introduced to the Comstock experience.

 

Our Communities

 

We currently have active communities under development in the following states and counties:

 

 

The following chart summarizes certain information for our current and planned communities at December 31, 2006:

 

 

 

Greater Washington, DC Area

 

Northern Virginia Market

 

Aldie Singles is planned to be a 15-unit in development in Aldie, Virginia. The community is planned to have 15 single family homes on 3 acre and above home sites. At December 31, 2004 the project was under contract. The project is expected to be ready to open for sales in 2007 with settlements expected to begin in late 2007. We are currently in default of our option contract and are attempting to renegotiate terms with the sellers.

 

Barrington Park is a 148-unit mid-rise, walk-up, garden style condominium development in Manassas Park, Virginia. We completed the acquisition of the land in late 2005. Sales at the project were slow during the course of 2006 so we decided to postpone settlements in order to preserve the value of the project as an intact rental community. In early 2007 we initiated rental operations at the project while we wait for either an offer to purchase in bulk or an improvement in the condominium market. We have postponed the start of construction on the remaining buildings at the community.

 

Beacon Park at Belmont Bay is planned as a 600-unit active adult condominium community located at the convergence of the Potomac and Occoquan Rivers at Belmont Bay in Woodbridge, Virginia. This development is designed as a combination of nine and five-story buildings with open rooftop decks overlooking the water and golf course. The project is deed-restricted such that one of the buyers for each unit must be 55 years of age or older and will include active adult lifestyle amenities, such as a health and wellness center, a business center, guest accommodations and swimming pools. We currently own 112 lots for 4 buildings of 28 units each with a long term option on the remaining 499 lots. Sales opened in March 2007.

 

Blakes Crossing is a parcel we own in Culpeper, Virginia designed for 130-unit townhouses. The project is currently under contract to be sold for commercial development.

 

Blooms Mill is a 377-unit development in Manassas, Virginia. This development offers a mix of single-family homes, attached carriage homes and townhouses. The development’s amenities include a community club, swimming pool and “family friendly” street plan all in a traditional village setting. At December 31, 2006, the single family homes were sold out and fully delivered.

 

Brandy Station is a 350-unit single-family home development in Culpeper, Virginia. The project is currently under option takedown contract while we manage it through the entitlement process. We will close on the property when approvals have been received if we are still confident that the option price in place makes sense given market conditions at the time. We expect to open this project for sales in 2008.

 

Commons at Bellemeade is a 316-unit condominium conversion located in Leesburg, Virginia. We acquired the property in September 2005 and immediately began the process of sub-dividing the units into condominiums. We are in the process of renovating the common areas and the unit interiors. We opened the project for sales to existing tenants in October 2005 and to the general public in November 2005. The project began settling units in late 2005 and is expected to continue settling units into 2009.

 

Commons on Potomac Square is a 192-unit mid-rise condominium complex in Loudoun County, Virginia. The complex will consist of four buildings. The project is positioned for first-time homeowners and is intended to offer

significant appeal to renters in the market seeking to move up to home ownership. Sales opened in late 2004 and settlements began in early 2006 and will contine into 2008.

 

Commons on the Park was a 258-unit condominium conversion project in Reston, Virginia. We purchased the project in January 2006 and sold it to a rental property owner in November 2006.

 

Commons on William Square is a 180-unit two-over-two townhouse condominium development in Prince William County, Virginia. Sales opened in the fourth quarter of 2004 and settlements began in the second half of 2005 and we expect sales and settlements to continue throughout 2007 and perhaps into 2008.

 

Countryside is a 102-unit apartment complex in Sterling, Virginia that we converted to condominiums. We acquired the property in March 2005. We completed improvements to the common areas and exteriors of the buildings. Sales opened during the third quarter of 2005 with settlements beginning in the fourth quarter 2005. In December 2006 we sold the balance of the unsold units in a bulk transaction. We entered into a marketing services agreement whereby we continued to manage sales in the community and earn a commission on the resale of those units individually.

 

The Eclipse on Center Park is a 465-unit high-rise condominium complex in Arlington County, Virginia. Located at Potomac Yard, just minutes from downtown Washington, D.C., the Pentagon and Reagan National Airport, the project is designed as an upscale, urban-style mixed-use complex with residential condominiums being built above an 80,000 square foot retail complex that will host a grocery store and other convenience oriented retailers. Upper floors will have views of the Potomac River and the monuments in Washington, D.C. Sales for Phase I opened in the second quarter of 2004. Sales for Phase II began in December 2005 and continued throughout 2006. Settlements began in November 2006 and will continue throughout 2007 and possibly into 2008.

 

Loudoun Station Condominiums is planned as an up to 484 unit mid-rise condominium complex located in Ashburn, Virginia. The project is part of a high-density, transit-oriented, mixed-use development which is modeled after the successful Reston Town Center in Reston, Virginia. The project is at the terminus of the planned Metro extension past Washington Dulles International Airport. The project will have 1,500 multi-family residential units between condominiums and rentals and will have over one million square feet of retail and commercial space. In light of current market conditions we have delayed the closing on the land and the opening of this project indefinitely. Because of our continuing involvement in this project we are still carrying approximately $1.2 million of real estate cost in our real estate held for development and sale. If we are unsuccessful at selling the remaining units for a profit we may be required to writedown our carrying value.

 

Penderbrook Square is a 424-unit rental apartment complex which we are converting to condominiums in the Fair Oaks area of Fairfax County, Virginia. We acquired the property in February 2005. We have made a significant investment in renovations at this project including common areas, building exteriors and units heating systems. Sales opened in April 2005 with settlements beginning in June 2005 and continuing to date. We are currently managing both for-sale and rental programs at this project to help offset carrying costs until the market improves.

 

River Club at Belmont Bay 5 is a three-building, 84-unit condominium development located at the convergence of the Potomac and Occoquan Rivers at Belmont Bay in Woodbridge, Virginia. Settlements began in 2005 and will conclude in 2007.

 

Woodlands at Round Hill is located in western Loudoun County, Virginia, one of the fastest growing counties in the United States. This large lot single-family home development has 65 lots of three or more acres each. We are acting as the developer of the site, and we are currently building road and utility infrastructure for the home sites. This project opened for sales in 2004. Settlements began in early 2005 and will continue into 2008 and possibly into 2009. In September 2005, we sold 19 lots to another homebuilder who is now open to sales in the community.

 

Maryland

 

Emerald Farm is an 84-unit development of single-family homes in Frederick, Maryland. The development is conveniently located near major transportation routes. Frederick, Maryland is currently experiencing a water moratorium that has shut down development in the area. The project has been open for sales since 2000 and is expected to be completed in 2007 or 2008.

North Carolina Market

 

Raleigh, North Carolina

 

Allyn’s Landing is a 117-unit townhouse development located in the heart of Raleigh, North Carolina near Research Triangle Park and the Raleigh-Durham International Airport. The project overlooks an eight-acre lake and includes amenities such as a fountain, gazebo, walking trails and canoe rack. In 2006 we repositioned the project by changing product types. The project is currently open for sales and is delivering homes. Deliveries are expected to continue into 2008.

 

Holland Road is a 81-unit single family homes development in Raleigh, North Carolina which is opened for sales and expected to began deliveries in the second half of 2007.

 

Kelton at Preston is a 56-unit upscale townhouse development in the prestigious Kelton golf course community of Cary, North Carolina. This project has three 18-hole courses, a swimming complex and a clubhouse with fitness, tennis and dining facilities. Many of our home sites have golf course views. This project is currently open for sales and is delivering homes. Deliveries are expected to continue into 2008.

 

North Shore is a unique community located on the Centennial Campus of North Carolina State University. It consists of 163 townhouses and 196 mid-rise condominium units. The mid-rise condominium residences are five-story elevator buildings with structured garage parking. The townhouse residences feature four finished levels, private garages, a rear deck and a rooftop terrace. This project is owned through a 50/50 joint venture with Raleigh Property Group II, LLC and as such is reported through the equity method and excluded from our home building revenue and backlog. (See Note 7 of notes to our consolidated and combined financial statements as of December 31, 2006). This project is not currently open for sales pending resolution of litigation between us and our joint venture partner.

 

Wakefield Plantation is a 77-unit development in Raleigh, North Carolina consisting of townhouses and carriage homes. Our unique carriage homes at Wakefield are attached homes with as much as 5,300 square feet of finished living space in three and four-unit configurations with two-car garages and interior court yards. This project is currently open for sales and is delivering homes. Deliveries are expected to continue into early 2008.

 

Brookfield is a 130-unit single family development in Raleigh, North Carolina. This development, with its projected swimming pool complex, is conveniently located near Rt. 264 in Raleigh. This development is projected to open for sales in the end of 2007 and is expected to be completed in 2009.

 

Haddon Hall is a three building 90-unit condominium development located in Apex, North Carolina. This development is currently open for sales and expected to begin deliveries in the end of 2007.

 

Massey Preserve is a 297-unit single family development in Raleigh, North Carolina. These 2,600 to 3,000 square foot homes are conveniently located to the new I-540 by pass as well as a new elementary school in walking distance. This development is now open for sales and is expected to be completed in 2008 or 2009.

 

North Farm is a 138-unit single family homes development in Clayton, North Carolina. These spacious craftsman-style homes are located within the Flower Plantation community with shopping and recreation facilities in walking distance.

 

Pine Hollow is a 7-unit single family development in Raleigh, North Carolina. This development has an 18-hole golf course, tennis center and community pool complex. This development is expected to be completed by mid 2007.

 

Providence single family is a 148-unit single family development in Raleigh, North Carolina. This development is convenient to downtown Raleigh as well as walking distance to both North Hill and Crabtree Valley Malls. This development is now open for sale.

 

Providence townhomes is an 80-unit single family development in Raleigh, North Carolina. This development is conveniently located to downtown Raleigh as well as walking distance to both North Hill and Crabtree Valley Malls.

Riverbrooke II is the second phase of a 68-unit single family development in Raleigh, North Carolina. This development’s easy accessibility to interstates I-40 and I-440 make for quick commuting around the city of Raleigh.

 

Wheatleigh Preserve is a 28-unit single family development in Raleigh, North Carolina. These quarter-acre lots are fully amenitized, with a community pool, tree-lined hiking trails and playgrounds. This development is currently open for sale.

 

Charlotte, North Carolina Market

 

In early 2007 we made the decision to withdraw from the Charlotte, North Carolina market. This decision affected Boyce Road, Stowe Village and Fairhills, which we now no longer plan to open for sales.

 

Greater Atlanta Market

 

Atlanta, Georgia

 

Allen Creek- is a 26-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. These single family homes have brick or stacked-stone exteriors and a hardwood foyer, chair rails, shadow-box trim and tray ceilings in the master suite. This development is currently open for sales and should be completed by the end of 2007.

 

Arcanum- is a 34-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. These single family homes have brick, stone and shake exteriors and a hardwood floors in the interior. This development has access to the Polo Country Club. This development is currently delivering homes and is projected to be closed out in 2007.

 

Brentwood Estates- is a 26-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. These single family homes have brick or stacked-stone exteriors and a hardwood foyer, chair rails, shadow-box trim and trey ceilings in the master suite. This development is currently open for sales and should be completed by the end of 2007.

 

Falling Water- is a 23-unit single family home development in Woodstock, Georgia a suburb of Atlanta. These single family homes have brick, stone and shake exteriors. This development is currently delivering homes and is projected to be closed out in 2007.

 

Gates of Luberon- is a 32-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. The homes in this development are some of the largest homes Comstock Homebuilding of Atlanta has built in Atlanta. The single family homes have brick, stone and shake exteriors and spacious floor plan. The development has easy access downtown Atlanta via Hwy. 141. This development is currently delivering homes and is projected to be closed out in 2007.

 

Glen Ivey- is a 65-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. Homes in this project have a spacious layout. The development has a community pool complex and nature trails as well as being located near Lake Lanier. This development is delivering homes currently and is projected to be closed out in mid-year 2008.

 

Highland Ave- is a 30-unit single family home development in the Inman Park section of downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The development is currently under development and is projected to begin selling homes in mid 2008.

 

Highland Station- is a 105-unit single family home development in Suwanee, Georgia a suburb of Atlanta. The homes in this development are appointed with 9’ ceilings, hardwood floors and Corian countertops as standard. The development also has a pool complex with cabana. This development is delivering homes currently and is projected to be closed out in 2008.

 

James Road- is a 50-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. The development is currently under development and is projected to begin selling homes in mid 2008.

 

Maristone- is a 40-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. The development is complete with tennis courts, swimming complex and a cabana. This development is currently open for sale and is projected is scheduled to be closed out in mid-year 2008.

Post Road- is a 59-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. The development is currently under development and is projected to begin selling homes in 2007.

 

Post Road II- is a 54-unit townhouse development located in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. Development of this development is projected to start at the end of 2007 and be open for sales in 2008.

 

Senators Ridge- is a 60-unit single family home development in the western suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. The development offers extensive amenities like a clubhouse, swimming pool, tennis courts and basketball courts. This development is currently delivering homes and is projected to be closed out in 2007.

 

Settingdown Circle- is a 172-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. Development of this development is projected to start at the end of 2007 and is expected to be open for sales in 2008.

 

Shiloh Road- is a 61-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. The development is currently under development and is projected to begin selling homes in 2007.

 

Traditions at Braselton-is a 4-unit single family home development in the outskirts of Atlanta, Georgia. These estate homes are located directly on a championship 18-hole golf course with many other amenities. These homes that start at 4,500 square feet, have bountiful views of the course. This development is currently open for sales and is projected to be closed out in 2007.

 

Tribble Lakes- is a 200-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. This development will have a wide array of amenities strategically located around the beautiful lake. The development is currently under development and is projected to begin selling homes in 2008.

 

Wyngate- is a 28-unit single family home development in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. This development is currently open for sales and is projected to be closed out in 2007.

 

South Carolina Market

 

Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

 

In September 2006 we sold our Carolina Waterway community in the Myrtle Beach area, our only project in South Carolina. We no longer operate in the South Carolina market.

 

Warranty

 

We provide our single-family and townhouse home buyers with a one-year limited warranty covering workmanship and materials. The limited warranty is transferable to subsequent buyers not under direct contract with us and requires that home buyers agree to the definitions and procedures set forth in the warranty. Our condominium home buyers typically have a statutory two-year warranty on their purchases. In addition, we provide a five-year structural warranty pursuant to statutory requirements. From time to time, we assess the appropriateness of our warranty reserves and adjust future accruals as necessary. When deemed appropriate by us, we will accrue additional warranty reserves. We rely on our sub-contractors to warrant their work and they are contractually obligated to fix defects in their work. Beyond our sub-contractor warranties we self-insure the balance of all of our warranties.

 

Competition

 

The real estate development and home building industries are highly competitive and fragmented. Competitive overbuilding in local markets, among other competitive factors, could materially adversely affect home builders in those markets. Home builders compete for financing, raw materials and skilled labor, as well as for the sale of homes. Additionally, competition for prime properties is intense and the acquisition of such properties may become more expensive in the future to the extent demand and competition increase. We compete with other local, regional and national real estate companies and home builders. Some of our competitors have greater financial, marketing, sales and other resources than we have.

The principal competition we faced in each of our markets, as of December 31, 2006, was as follows:

 

 

We do not compete against all of the builders in our geographic markets in all of our product types or submarkets, as some builders focus on particular types of projects within those markets, such as large estate homes, that are not in competition with our communities. We believe the factors that home buyers consider in deciding whether to purchase from us include the location, value and design of our products. We believe that we typically build attractive, innovative products in sought-after locations that are perceived as good values by customers. Accordingly, we believe that we compare favorably on these factors.

 

We also compete with resale of existing homes and condominiums and available rental housing.

 

Regulation

 

We and our competitors are subject to various local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning zoning, building design, construction and similar matters, including local regulation, which imposes restrictive zoning and density requirements in order to limit the number of homes that can ultimately be built within the boundaries of a particular project. We and our competitors may also be subject to periodic delays or may be precluded entirely from developing in certain communities due to building moratoriums or “slow-growth” or “no-growth” initiatives that could be implemented in the future in the states in which we operate. Local and state governments also have broad discretion regarding the imposition of development fees for projects in their jurisdiction.

 

We and our competitors are also subject to a variety of local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning protection of the environment. Some of the laws to which we and our properties are subject may impose requirements concerning development in waters of the United States, including wetlands, the closure of water supply wells, management of asbestos-containing materials, exposure to radon, and similar issues. The particular environmental laws that apply to any given community vary greatly according to the community site, the site’s environmental conditions and the present and former uses of the site. These environmental laws may result in delays, may cause us and our competitors to incur substantial compliance and other costs, and may prohibit or severely restrict development in certain environmentally sensitive regions or areas. However, environmental laws have not, to date, had a material adverse impact on our operations.

 

Technology

 

We are committed to the use of Internet-based technology for managing our business and communicating with our customers. For customer relationship management, we use Builder’s Co-Pilot, a management information system that was custom developed in accordance with our needs and requirements. This system allows for online and collaborative efforts between our sales and marketing functions and integrates our sales, production and divisional office operations in tracking the progress of construction on each of our projects. We believe that real-time access to our construction progress and our sales and marketing data and documents through our systems increases the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts as well as management’s ability to monitor our business. Through our Web site, www.comstockhomebuilding.com, our customers and prospects receive automatic electronic communications from us on a regular basis. We believe this application of technology has and will continue to greatly enhance our conversion rates.

In April 2006 we commenced preparations for the conversion of our accounting and purchasing management software to the JD Edwards, Enterprise One software system. We effected the conversion to the JD Edwards software in January 2007. This highly scaleable purchasing and accounting system will position us to be more cost competitive and will, we hope, contribute to future margin expansion.

 

Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights

 

We rely primarily on a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws to protect our proprietary rights. We do not own the “Comstock” brand or trademark. Christopher Clemente owns the “Comstock” brand and trademark and has licensed them to us under a perpetual, royalty-free license agreement. We have filed a U.S. federal trademark application with respect to “Comstock Homes Worthy of the Investment” and we will file a U.S. federal trademark application with respect to “Comstock Homebuilding Companies.” We believe the strength of these trademarks benefits our business. In addition, as a result of recent acquisitions, we now own the Capitol Homes and Parker-Chandler brands which we do not currently use in our marketing efforts.

 

Employees

 

At December 31, 2006, we had 205 full-time and part-time employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreement and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe we have good relations with our employees.

 

Executive Officers

 

Our executive officers and other management employees and their respective ages and positions as of December 31, 2006 are as follows:

 

 

 

 

Executive Officers and Key Employees

 

Christopher Clemente founded Comstock in 1985 and has been director since May 2004. Since 1992, Mr. Clemente has served as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Clemente has over 20 years of experience in all aspects of real estate development and home building, and 25 years of experience as an entrepreneur.

 

Gregory V. Benson joined us in 1991 as President and Chief Operating Officer and has been director since May 2004. Mr. Benson is also a member of our board of directors. Mr. Benson has over 30 years of home building experience including over 13 years at national home builders, including NVHomes, Ryan Homes and Centex Homes.

 

Bruce J. Labovitz has served as our Chief Financial Officer since January 2004, after serving as our Vice President — Finance from April 2002 to January 2004 and Vice President — Investment Finance from January 2002 to April 2002. From June 2001 to January 2002, Mr. Labovitz was a Vice President of Viking Communications, a telecommunications company. From November 2000 to June 2001, Mr. Labovitz was the President, Marketing & Services of Inlec Communications, a telecommunications company. Prior to that, from May 1996 to November 2000, Mr. Labovitz was Executive Vice President/ Chief Operating Officer of BMK Advertising, an advertising agency.

Jason Parikh has served as our Chief Accounting Officer since April 2004. Mr. Parikh was Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of On-Site Sourcing, Inc. from May 2000 to April 2004 and Controller from July 1997 to May 2000. From July 1994 until July 1997, Mr. Parikh was Controller of Shirt Explosion Inc., a clothing manufacturer.

 

Jubal R. Thompson has served as our General Counsel since October 1998 and our Secretary as of December 2004. From April 2002 to April 2003, Mr. Thompson also served as our Vice President — Finance. From 1995 to 1998, Mr. Thompson was associated with Robert Weed & Associates, PLLC, a law firm.

 

Other Information

 

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

 

We also make available, free of charge, at our Internet website located at www.comstockhomebuilding.com, our annual reports on Form 10-K, our proxy statements, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and our current reports on Form 8-K as well as Form 3, Form 4, and Form 5 Reports for our directors, officers, and principal stockholders, together with amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a), 15(d), or 16 under the Exchange Act. These reports are available as soon as reasonably practicable after their electronic filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

CAUTIONARY NOTES REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Some of the statements contained in this report include forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “may,” “intend,” “expect,” “will,” “should,” “seeks” or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and involve inherent risks and uncertainties including certain risks described in this report. When considering those forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risks, uncertainties and other cautionary statements made in this report. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, which speaks only as of the date made. Some factors which may affect the accuracy of the forward-looking statements apply generally to the real estate industry, while other factors apply directly to us. Any number of important factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, without limitation: general economic and market conditions, including interest rate levels; our ability to service our substantial debt; inherent risks in investment in real estate; our ability to compete in the markets in which we operate; regulatory actions; fluctuations in operating results; our anticipated growth strategies; shortages and increased costs of labor or building materials; the availability and cost of land in desirable areas; natural disasters; our ability to raise debt and equity capital and grow our operations on a profitable basis; and our continuing relationships with affiliates.

 

Many of these factors are beyond our control. For a discussion of factors that could cause actual results to differ, please see the discussion in this report under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A.

 

Risks Relating to Our Business

 

We engage in construction and real estate activities which are speculative and involve a high degree of risk.

 

The home building industry is speculative and is significantly affected by changes in economic and other conditions, such as:

 

 

 

These factors can negatively affect the demand for and pricing of our homes and our margin on sale. We are also subject to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

 

Failure to successfully negotiate extensions to our credit facilities could adversely affect our liquidity.

 

Our subsidiaries have a significant amount of secured debt which matures during 2007. In our industry it is customary for lenders to renew and extend project facilities until the project is complete. Since we are the guarantor of our subsidiaries’ debt, any significant failure to negotiate renewals and extensions to this debt would severely compromise our liquidity and could jeopardize our ability to satisfy our capital requirements. Our recently reported and cured loan covenant violations, may impact our ability to renew and extend our debt.

 

Fluctuations in market conditions may affect our ability to sell our land and home inventories at expected prices, if at all, which could adversely affect our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

 

We are subject to the potential for significant fluctuations in the market value of our land and home inventories. We must constantly locate and acquire new tracts of undeveloped and developed land to support our home building operations. There is a lag between the time we acquire control of undeveloped land or developed home sites and the time that we can bring the communities built on that land to market and deliver our homes. This lag time varies from site to site as it is impossible to determine in advance the length of time it will take to obtain governmental approvals and building permits. The risk of owning undeveloped land, developed land and homes can be substantial. The market value of undeveloped land, buildable lots and housing inventories can fluctuate significantly as a result of changing economic and market conditions. Inventory carrying costs can be significant and can result in losses in a poorly performing development or market. Material write-downs of the estimated value of our land and home inventories could occur if market conditions deteriorate or if we purchase land or build home inventories at higher prices during stronger economic periods and the value of those land or home inventories subsequently declines during weaker economic periods. We could also be forced to sell homes, land or lots for prices that generate lower profit than we anticipate, or at a loss, and may not be able to dispose of an investment in a timely manner when we find dispositions advantageous or necessary. Furthermore, a decline in the market value of our land or home inventories may give rise to additional impairments of our inventory and write-offs of contract deposits and feasibility cost, which may result in a breach of financial covenants contained in one or more of our credit facilities, which could cause a default under those credit facilities.

 

Home prices and sales activities in the Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia geographic markets have a large impact on our results of operations because we conduct substantially all of our business in these markets.

 

Home prices and sales activities in the Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia geographic markets have a large impact on our results of operations because we conduct substantially all of our business in these markets. Although demand in these geographic areas historically has been strong, decreased rates of home price appreciation may reduce the likelihood of consumers seeking to purchase new homes which would

likely have a negative impact on the pace at which we receive orders for our new homes. This could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

 

Because our business depends on the acquisition of new land, the potential limitations on the supply of land could reduce our revenues or negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows.

 

Due to continued demand for new homes, we experience competition for available land and developed home sites in the Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia markets. In these markets, we have experienced competition for home sites from other, sometimes better capitalized, home builders. In the Raleigh, North Carolina market, we have recently experienced competition from large, national home builders entering the market. Our ability to continue our home building activities over the long term depends upon our ability to locate and acquire suitable parcels of land or developed home sites to support our home building operations. As competition for land increases, the cost of acquiring it may rise, and the availability of suitable parcels at acceptable prices may decline. The increased cost of land requires us to increase the prices of our homes. This increased pricing could increase the rate at which consumer demand for our homes declines and, consequently, reduce the number of homes we sell and lead to a decrease in our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

 

Our business is subject to governmental regulations that may delay, increase the cost of, prohibit or severely restrict our development and home building projects and reduce our revenues and cash flows.

 

We are subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations that affect the land development and home building process, including laws and regulations related to zoning, permitted land uses, levels of density (number of dwelling units per acre), building design, access to water and other utilities, water and waste disposal and use of open spaces. In addition, we and our subcontractors are subject to laws and regulations relating to worker health and safety. We also are subject to a variety of local, state and federal laws and regulations concerning the protection of health and the environment. In some of our markets, we are required to pay environmental impact fees, use energy saving construction materials and give commitments to provide certain infrastructure such as roads and sewage systems. We must also obtain permits and approvals from local authorities to complete residential development or home construction. The laws and regulations under which we and our subcontractors operate, and our and their obligations to comply with them, may result in delays in construction and development, cause us to incur substantial compliance and other increased costs, and prohibit or severely restrict development and home building activity in certain areas in which we operate. If we are unable to continue to develop communities and build and deliver homes as a result of these restrictions or if our compliance costs increase substantially, our revenues, earnings and cash flows may be reduced.

 

Cities and counties in which we operate have adopted, or may adopt, slow or no-growth initiatives that would reduce our ability to build and sell homes in these areas and could adversely affect our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

 

From time to time, certain cities and counties in which we operate have approved, and others in which we operate may approve, various “slow-growth” or “no-growth” initiatives and other similar ballot measures. Such initiatives restrict development within localities by, for example, limiting the number of building permits available in a given year. Approval of slow- or no-growth measures could reduce our ability to acquire land, obtain building permits and build and sell homes in the affected markets and could create additional costs and administration requirements, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

 

Increased regulation in the housing industry increases the time required to obtain the necessary approvals to begin construction and has prolonged the time between the initial acquisition of land or land options and the commencement and completion of construction. These delays increase our costs, decrease our profitability and increase the risks associated with the land inventories we maintain.

 

Municipalities may restrict or place moratoriums on the availability of utilities, such as water and sewer taps. If municipalities in which we operate take actions like these, it could have an adverse effect on our business by causing delays, increasing our costs or limiting our ability to build in those municipalities. This, in turn, could reduce the number of homes we sell and decrease our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

Our ability to sell homes, and, accordingly, our results of operations, will be affected by the availability of financing to potential home buyers.

 

Most home buyers finance their purchases through third-party mortgage financing. Real estate demand is generally adversely affected by:

 

 

Increases in interest rates or decreases in the availability of mortgage financing could depress the market for new homes because of the increased monthly mortgage costs or the unavailability of financing to potential home buyers. Even if potential home buyers do not need financing, increases in interest rates and decreased mortgage availability could make it harder for them to sell their homes. This could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

 

The competitive conditions in the home building industry could increase our costs, reduce our revenues and earnings and otherwise adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

 

The home building industry is highly competitive and fragmented. We compete in each of our markets with a number of national, regional and local builders for customers, undeveloped land and home sites, raw materials and labor. For example, in the Washington, D.C. market, we compete against approximately 15 to 20 publicly-traded national home builders, approximately 10 to 15 privately-owned regional home builders, and many local home builders, some of whom are very small and may build as few as five to 25 homes per year. We do not compete against all of the builders in our geographic markets in all of our product types or submarkets, as some builders focus on particular types of projects within those markets, such as large estate homes, that are not in competition with our projects.

 

We compete primarily on the basis of price, location, design, quality, service and reputation. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources, more established market positions and better opportunities for land and home site acquisitions than we do and have lower costs of capital, labor and material than us. The competitive conditions in the home building industry could, among other things:

 

 

We also compete with resales of existing homes and condominiums and available rental housing. An oversupply of competitively priced resale or rental homes in our markets could adversely affect our ability to sell homes profitably.

 

Our business is concentrated in a few geographic areas which increases our exposure to localized risks.

 

We currently develop and sell homes principally in the Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia markets. Our limited geographic diversity means that adverse general economic, weather or other

conditions in either of these markets could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows or our ability to grow our business.

 

Our growth strategy to expand into new geographic areas poses risks.

 

We may expand our business into new geographic areas outside of the Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia markets. We will face additional risks if we develop communities in geographic areas or climates in which we do not have experience or if we develop a different size or style of community than those currently being developed, including:

 

 

We may not be able to successfully manage the risks of such an expansion, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings, cash flows and financial condition.

 

We may not be able to successfully identify, complete or integrate acquisitions.

 

As part of our business strategy, we expect to continue to review acquisition prospects in our existing markets and in new markets in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast region or elsewhere that would complement our existing business, or that might otherwise offer growth opportunities. The identification, underwriting and negotiation of such deals is an ongoing process. We recently completed the acquisitions of Parker Chandler Homes, Inc. and Capitol Homes, Inc. While we are not currently engaged in either discussions, negotiation or due diligence with other homebuilders we may resume those activities at any time. To the extent we complete acquisitions, we may be unable to realize the anticipated benefits because of operational factors or difficulties in integrating the acquisitions with our existing business. Acquisitions entail numerous risks, including, but not limited to:

 

 

We may not be able to acquire or manage profitably additional businesses, or to integrate successfully any acquired businesses, properties or personnel into our business, without substantial costs, delays or other operational or financial difficulties. Our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

We are dependent on the services of certain key employees and the loss of their services could harm our business.

 

Our success largely depends on the continuing services of certain key employees, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Christopher Clemente, Gregory Benson, our President and Chief Operating Officer, and Bruce Labovitz, our Chief Financial Officer. Our continued success also depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. We believe that Messrs. Clemente, Benson and Labovitz each possesses valuable industry

knowledge, experience and leadership abilities that would be difficult in the short term to replicate. The loss of these or other key employees could harm our operations, business plans and cash flows.

 

Our growth requires additional capital, which may not be available.

 

The real estate development industry is capital intensive and requires significant expenditures for land purchases, land development and construction as well as potential acquisitions of other homebuilders. In order to execute our growth strategy, we anticipate that we will need to obtain additional financing as we expand our operations. These funds may be obtained through public or private debt or equity financings, additional bank borrowings or from strategic alliances or joint ventures. We may not be successful in obtaining additional funds in a timely manner, on favorable terms or at all. Moreover, certain of our bank financing agreements contain provisions that limit the type and amount of debt we may incur in the future without our lenders’ consent. In addition, the availability of borrowed funds, especially for land acquisition and construction financing, may be greatly reduced, and lenders may require us to invest increased amounts of equity in a project in connection with both new loans and the extension of existing loans. If we do not have access to additional capital, we may be required to delay, scale back or abandon some or all of our acquisition plans or growth strategies or reduce capital expenditures and the size of our operations and as a result may experience a material adverse affect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Our growth depends on the availability of construction, acquisition and development loans.

 

Currently, we have multiple construction, acquisition and development loans. These credit facilities tend to be project-oriented and generally have higher costs and require significant management time to administer them. Additionally, if financial institutions decide to discontinue providing these facilities to us, we would lose our primary source of financing our operations or the cost of retaining or replacing these credit facilities could increase dramatically. Further, this type of financing is typically characterized by short-term loans which are subject to call. If our primary financing becomes unavailable or accelerated repayment is demanded, we may not be able to meet our obligations.

 

A significant portion of our business plan involves construction of mixed-use developments and high-rise projects with which we have less experience.

 

We expect to increase our construction and development of mixed-use and high-rise residential projects. Our experience is largely based on smaller wood-framed structures that are less complex than high-rise construction or the development of mixed-use projects. A mixed-use project is one that integrates residential and non-residential uses in the same structure or in close proximity to each other, on the same land. As we expand into these new product types, we expect to encounter operating, marketing, customer service, warranty and management challenges with which we have less familiarity. Although we have expanded our management team to include individuals with significant experience in this type of real estate development, we have not completed any projects managed by these persons. If we are unable to successfully manage the challenges of this portion of our business, we may incur additional costs and our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

 

If we experience shortages of labor or supplies or other circumstances beyond our control, there could be delays or increased costs in developing our projects, which would adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.

 

We and the home building industry from time to time may be affected by circumstances beyond our control, including:

 

 

 

These difficulties have caused and likely will cause unexpected construction delays and short-term increases in construction costs. In an attempt to protect the margins on our projects, we often purchase certain building materials with commitments that lock in the prices of these materials for 90 to 120 days or more. However, once the supply of building materials subject to these commitments is exhausted, we are again subject to market fluctuations and shortages. We may not be able to recover unexpected increases in construction or materials costs by raising our home prices because, typically, the price of each home is established at the time a customer executes a home sale contract. Furthermore, sustained increases in construction costs may, over time, erode our profit margins and may adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

 

We depend on the availability and skill of subcontractors.

 

Substantially all of our construction work is done by subcontractors with us acting as the general contractor or by subcontractors working for a general contractor we select for a particular project. Accordingly, the timing and quality of our construction depends on the availability and skill of those subcontractors. We do not have long-term contractual commitments with subcontractors or suppliers. Although we believe that our relationships with our suppliers and subcontractors are good, we cannot assure that skilled subcontractors will continue to be available at reasonable rates and in the areas in which we conduct our operations. The inability to contract with skilled subcontractors or general contractors at reasonable costs on a timely basis could limit our ability to build and deliver homes and could erode our profit margins and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

 

Product liability litigation and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business may be costly or negatively impact sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

 

Our home building business is subject to construction defect and product liability claims arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims are common in the home building industry and can be costly. Among the claims for which developers and builders have financial exposure are property damage, environmental claims and bodily injury claims. Damages awarded under these suits may include the costs of remediation, loss of property and health-related bodily injury. In response to increased litigation, insurance underwriters have attempted to limit their risk by excluding coverage for certain claims associated with environmental conditions, pollution and product and workmanship defects. As a developer and a home builder, we may be at risk of loss for mold-related property, bodily injury and other claims in amounts that exceed available limits on our comprehensive general liability policies. In addition, the costs of insuring against construction defect and product liability claims are high and the amount of coverage offered by insurance companies is limited. Uninsured product liability and similar claims, claims in excess of the limits under our insurance policies and the costs of obtaining insurance to cover such claims could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

 

Increased insurance risk could negatively affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Insurance and surety companies have reassessed many aspects of their business and, as a result, may take actions that could negatively affect our business. These actions could include increasing insurance premiums, requiring higher self-insured retentions and deductibles, requiring additional collateral on surety bonds, reducing limits, restricting coverages, imposing exclusions, and refusing to underwrite certain risks and classes of business. Any of these actions may adversely affect our ability to obtain appropriate insurance coverage at reasonable costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Additionally, coverage for certain types of claims, such as claims relating to mold, is generally unavailable. Further, we rely on surety bonds, typically provided by insurance companies, as a means of limiting the amount of capital utilized in connection with the public improvement sureties that we are required to post with governmental authorities in connection with land development and construction activities. The cost of obtaining these surety bonds is, from time to time, unpredictable and on occasion these surety bonds are unavailable. These factors can delay commencement of development projects and adversely affect revenue, earnings and cash flows.

We are subject to warranty claims arising in the ordinary course of business that could be costly.

 

We provide service warranties on our homes for a period of one year or more post closing and a structural warranty for five years post closing. We self-insure all of our warranties and reserve an amount we believe will be sufficient to satisfy any warranty claims on homes we sell. We also attempt to pass much of the risk associated with potential defects in materials and workmanship on to the subcontractors performing the work and the suppliers and manufacturers of the materials. In such cases, we still may incur unanticipated costs if a subcontractor, supplier or manufacturer fails to honor its obligations regarding the work or materials it supplies to our projects. If the amount of actual claims materially exceeds our aggregate warranty reserves and/or the amounts we can recover from our subcontractors and suppliers, our operating results and cash flows would be adversely affected.

 

Our business, revenues, earnings and cash flows may be adversely affected by adverse weather conditions or natural disasters.

 

Adverse weather conditions, such as extended periods of rain, snow or cold temperatures, and natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and fires, can delay completion and sale of homes, damage partially complete or other unsold homes in our inventory and/or decrease the demand for homes or increase the cost of building homes. To the extent that natural disasters or adverse weather events occur, our business and results may be adversely affected. To the extent our insurance is not adequate to cover business interruption losses or repair costs resulting from these events, our revenues, earnings and cash flows may be adversely affected.

 

We are subject to certain environmental laws and the cost of compliance could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

 

As a current or previous owner or operator of real property, we may be liable under federal, state, and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in the properties or in the proximity of the properties we develop. These laws often impose liability whether or not we knew of, or were responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. The cost of investigating, remediating or removing such hazardous or toxic substances may be substantial. The presence of any such substance, or the failure promptly to remediate any such substance, may adversely affect our ability to sell the property, to use the property for our intended purpose, or to borrow funds using the property as collateral. In addition, the construction process involves the use of hazardous and toxic materials. We could be held liable under environmental laws for the costs of removal or remediation of such materials. In addition, our existing credit facilities also restrict our access to the loan proceeds if the properties that are used to collateralize the loans are contaminated by hazardous substances and require us to indemnify the bank against losses resulting from such occurrence for significant periods of time, even after the loan is fully repaid.

 

Our Eclipse project is part of a larger development located at Potomac Yard in northern Virginia. Potomac Yard was formerly part of a railroad switching yard contaminated by rail-related activities. Remediation of the property was conducted under supervision of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, in coordination with state and local authorities. In 1998, federal, state and local government agencies authorized redevelopment of the property. Our plans for development of our portion of the project are consistent with those authorizations. Although concentrations of contaminants remain on the property under the EPA-approved remediation work plan, the EPA has determined that they do not present an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment. However, it is possible that we could incur some costs to defend against any claims that might be brought in the future relating to any such contaminants.

 

If we are not able to develop our communities successfully, our earnings and cash flows could be diminished.

 

Before a community generates any revenues, material expenditures are required to acquire land, to obtain development approvals and to construct significant portions of project infrastructure, amenities, model homes and sales facilities. It can take a year or more for a community development to achieve cumulative positive cash flow. Our inability to develop and market our communities successfully and to generate positive cash flows from these

operations in a timely manner would have a material adverse effect on our ability to service our debt and to meet our working capital requirements.

 

Our operating results may vary.

 

We expect to experience variability in our revenues and net income. Factors expected to contribute to this variability include, among other things:

 

 

The volume of sales contracts and closings typically varies from month to month and from quarter to quarter depending on several factors, including the stages of development of our projects, weather and other factors beyond our control. In the early stages of a project’s development, we incur significant start-up costs associated with, among other things, project design, land acquisition and development, construction and marketing expenses. Since revenues from sales of properties are generally recognized only upon the transfer of title at the closing of a sale, no revenue is recognized during the early stages of a project unless land parcels or residential homesites are sold to other developers. Periodic sales of properties may be insufficient to fund operating expenses. Further, if sales and other revenues are not adequate to cover operating expenses, we will be required to seek sources of additional operating funds. Accordingly, our financial results will vary from community to community and from time to time.

 

Acts of war or terrorism may seriously harm our business.

 

Acts of war, any outbreak or escalation of hostilities between the United States and any foreign power or acts of terrorism, may cause disruption to the U.S. economy, or the local economies of the markets in which we operate, cause shortages of building materials, increase costs associated with obtaining building materials, result in building code changes that could increase costs of construction, affect job growth and consumer confidence, or cause economic changes that we cannot anticipate, all of which could reduce demand for our homes and adversely impact our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

 

We do not own the Comstock brand or trademark, but use the brand and trademark pursuant to the terms of a perpetual license granted by Christopher Clemente, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board.

 

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Christopher Clemente, has licensed the “Comstock” brand and trademark to us in perpetuity and free of charge. We do not own the brand or the trademark and may be unable to protect it against infringement from third parties. However, Mr. Clemente retains the right to continue using the “Comstock” brand and trademark individually and through affiliates, including in real estate development projects in our current or future markets. We will be unable to control the quality of projects undertaken by Mr. Clemente or others using the “Comstock” brand and trademark and therefore will be unable to prevent any damage to its goodwill that may occur. We will further be unable to preclude Mr. Clemente from licensing or transferring the ownership of the “Comstock” trademark to third parties, some of whom may compete against us. Consequently, we are at risk that our brand could be damaged which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and cash flows.

Risks Related to our Common Stock and the Securities Markets

 

Volatility of our stock price could adversely affect stockholders.

 

The market price of our Class A common stock could fluctuate significantly as a result of:

 

 

Investors may not be able to resell their shares of our Class A common stock following periods of volatility because of the market’s adverse reaction to that volatility. Our Class A common stock may not trade at the same levels as the stock of other homebuilders, and the market in general may not sustain its current prices.

 

Investors in our Class A common stock may experience dilution with the future exercise of stock options and warrants, the grant of restricted stock and issuance of stock in connection with our acquisitions of other homebuilders.

 

From time to time, we have issued and we will continue to issue stock options or restricted stock grants to employees and non-employee directors pursuant to our equity incentive plan. We expect that these options or restricted stock grants will generally vest commencing one year from the date of grant and continue vesting over a three-year period. Investors may experience dilution as the options vest and are exercised by their holders and the restrictions lapse on the restricted stock grants. In addition, we may issue stock in connection with acquisitions of other homebuilders, which may result in investors experiencing dilution.

 

Substantial sales of our Class A common stock, or the perception that such sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock.

 

A substantial amount of the shares of our Class A common stock are eligible for immediate resale in the public market. Any sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock.

 

The holders of our Class B common stock exert control over us and thus limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters.

 

Messrs. Clemente and Benson own 100% of our outstanding Class B common stock, which, together with their shares of Class A common stock, represent approximately 79.4% of the combined voting power of all classes of our voting stock. As a result, Messrs. Clemente and Benson, acting together, have control over us, the election of our

board of directors and our management and policies. Messrs. Clemente and Benson, acting together, also have control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the amendment of certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the approval of any equity-based employee compensation plans and the approval of fundamental corporate transactions, including mergers. In light of this control, other companies could be discouraged from initiating a potential merger, takeover or any other transaction resulting in a change of control. Such a transaction potentially could be beneficial to our business or to our stockholders. This may in turn reduce the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our Class A common stock.

 

The limited voting rights of our Class A common stock could impact its attractiveness to investors and its liquidity and, as a result, its market value.

 

The holders of our Class A and Class B common stock generally have identical rights, except that holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 15 votes per share on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. The difference in the voting rights of the Class A and Class B common stock could diminish the value of the Class A common stock to the extent that investors or any potential future purchasers of our Class A common stock ascribe value to the superior voting rights of the Class B common stock.

 

It may be difficult for a third party to acquire us, which could inhibit stockholders from realizing a premium on their stock price.

 

We are subject to the Delaware anti-takeover laws regulating corporate takeovers. These anti-takeover laws prevent Delaware corporations from engaging in business combinations with any stockholder, including all affiliates and employees of the stockholder, who owns 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock, for three years following the date that the stockholder acquired 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock unless specified conditions are met.

 

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us that stockholders may consider favorable or beneficial. These provisions could discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. These provisions include:

 

 

  Our issuance of shares of preferred stock could delay or prevent a change of control of us.

 

Our Board of Directors has the authority to cause us to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, in one or more series, to designate the number of shares constituting any series, and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, redemption price or prices and liquidation preferences of such series. The issuance of shares of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us without further action by the stockholders, even where stockholders are offered a premium for their shares. The issuance of shares of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may adversely affect the voting power of the holders of Class A common stock, including the loss of voting control. We have no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.

 

None.

 

Our principal administrative, sales and marketing facilities are located at our headquarters in Reston, Virginia. We currently lease 29,033 square feet of office space in the Reston facility from Comstock Asset Management, L.C., an affiliate wholly-owned by Christopher Clemente. Pursuant to this five-year headquarters lease which we entered into on October 1, 2004 and modified on August 1, 2005 for an additional 8,424 square feet, we pay annual rental rates of $709,567, subject to a 4% annual increase. We also lease office space in Raleigh, North Carolina where we occupy approximately 3,300 square feet of office space. On October 1, 2005 we entered into a five-year lease agreement for a new sales office in Reston, Virginia, which we occupy approximately 4,351 square feet of office space. We believe these facilities are suitable and provide the appropriate level of capacity for our current operations.

 

As manager of an affiliated entity, we exercised our option rights to purchase the project acquisition, development and construction loans made for the benefit of the North Shore project located in Raleigh, North Carolina. We subsequently issued a notice of default under the acquisition and development loan at maturity on September 30, 2005 and thereafter filed suit for collection of the loans against one of the individual guarantors under the loan on or about October 21, 2005 for a claim amount of $1.8 million as of the date of the filing. We finalized the purchase of the loans on or about September 8, 2005, issued a notice of default under the acquisition and development loan at maturity on September 30, 2005 and subsequently filed suit for collection of the loans against one of the individual guarantors under the loan on or about October 21, 2005 and initiated foreclosure proceedings on or about November 18, 2005. On or about December 22, 2005, the individual guarantor subject to the earlier suit filed a countersuit against two of our officers who were also individual guarantors under loans. We set and held a foreclosure sale on March 24, 2006 in which we were the high bidder. However, transfer of title to the property has been delayed pending judicial resolution of a suit filed on March 24, 2006 by the non-affiliated 50% owner of North Shore. On June 30, 2006, we, on our own behalf and on behalf of affiliates, filed an additional lawsuit expanding the number of party defendants, demanding equitable relief and demanding $33.0 million in damages. We have had settlement discussions with respect to resolving all of the lawsuits existing with respect to the North share project but no definitive settlement transaction resulting on dismissal of the lawsuits has been consumated.

 

On August 11, 2005, we were served with a motion to compel arbitration resulting from an allegation of a loan brokerage fee being owed for placement of a $147.0 million project loan for the Eclipse at Potomac Yard project and a $67 million project loan at Penderbrook. The claim was arbitrated in November 2006 and in February 2007 we received a ruling of the panel of arbitrators ordering payment of $3.0 million to the claimant. We are assessing our rights of appeal with respect to this decision.

 

Other than the foregoing, we are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, however, we are named as a defendant in legal actions arising from our normal business activities. Although we cannot accurately predict the amount of our liability, if any, that could arise with respect to legal actions currently pending against us, we do not expect that any such liability will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results or cash flows after taking into account insurance coverage, rights to indemnification, or where appropriate, established reserves in connection with these legal proceedings.

 

None.

 

Market for Common Stock

 

Our Class A common stock has been traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CHCI” since our initial public offering on December 14, 2004. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices of our Class A common stock, as reported on Nasdaq, for the periods indicated:

 

 

On February 28, 2007, there were approximately 26 record holders and approximately 5,074 beneficial owners of our Class A common stock. On February 28, 2007 there were two holders of our Class B common stock.

 

Dividends

 

We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock. From time to time, our board of directors evaluates the desirability of paying cash dividends. The further payment and amount of cash dividends will depend upon our financial condition and results of operations, applicable loan covenants and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.

 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

Our board of directors has previously authorized the repurchase of up to 1 million shares of our Class A common stock in one or more open market or privately negotiated transactions.

 

During the three months ended December 31, 2006, we did not repurchase any of our outstanding Class A common stock.

 

Stock Performance Graph

 

The following line graph compares cumulative total stockholder returns for the period from December 14, 2004, the date of our initial public offering, through December 31, 2006 for (1) our Class A common stock; (2) the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.) Index; and (3) the Standard & Poor’s Homebuilding Index. The graph assumes an investment of $100 on December 14, 2004, which was the first day on which our stock was listed on the Nasdaq Global Market. The calculations of cumulative stockholder return on the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.) Index and Standard & Poor’s Homebuilding Index include reinvestment of dividends, but the calculation of cumulative stockholder return on our Class A common stock does not include reinvestment of dividends because we did not pay dividends during the measurement period. The performance shown is not necessarily indicative of future performance.

COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN

 

 

 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

The following table contains selected consolidated and combined financial information and is supplemented by the more detailed financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. We derived the selected historical financial data shown below for 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002 from our audited financial statements. You should read the following financial information in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business” and our combined consolidated financial statements and the related notes, included elsewhere in this report.

FIVE YEAR COMPARISON OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

Dollars in thousands (except per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with “Selected Financial and Other Data” and our consolidated and combined financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this report. Other than in the “Overview” below, this discussion and analysis does not incorporate the financial condition and results of operations of Comstock Service, Inc., under which entity we previously conducted our Raleigh, North Carolina operations before the merger of Comstock Service, Inc. into Comstock Homebuilding Companies, Inc. The merger of Comstock Service, Inc. was treated as an acquisition for accounting purposes. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see “Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-looking Statements” for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors including, but not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this report, particularly under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-looking Statements.”

 

Overview

 

We engage in the business of residential land development, production home building and high-rise condominium development in the greater Washington, D.C., Raleigh, North Carolina, and Atlanta, Georgia markets. Our business was started in 1985 by Christopher Clemente, our Chief Executive Officer, as a residential land developer and home builder focused on the luxury home market in the northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C. In 1992, we repositioned ourselves as a production home builder focused on moderately priced homes in areas where we could more readily purchase finished building lots through option contracts. In 1997, we entered the Raleigh, North Carolina market. In 2006, we entered the Charlotte, North Carolina, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia markets through the acquisition of Parker Chandler Homes, Inc. In late 2006 we exited the Myrtle Beach, SC market and in early 2007 we plan to exit the Charlotte, NC market.

 

In the late 1990s, in response to increasing competition for finished lots, we diversified our product base to include multiple product types and home designs and we rebuilt our in-house land development department to include significant experience in both land development operations and land entitlement expertise. Our strategic goal was to secure and control a pipeline of diversified land inventory at various stages of entitlement, thus reducing our dependence on other land developers for finished building lots and improving our ability to control our growth.

 

In 2005 we became involved in the business of converting existing rental apartment properties to for-sale condominium projects. This process involves the purchase of existing structures which are occupied by tenants with leases of varying duration. When we purchase these properties we subdivide the units and form a condominium association. In these projects we have and continue to invest capital in the improvement of the common areas and exteriors. In the past, our strategy was that as the tenants’ leases expired we renovated the interiors of the apartments and then sold each apartment as an individual condominium unit. In recent months our business model has changed due to market conditions. In response to slowed absorption at these projects we have elected to continue to lease unsold inventory to renters. We have not abandoned our intent to sell the units as condominiums over time but we have chosen to manage the properties as rental assets to offset the debt service associated with holding the assets for sale. In certain cases we have sold condo conversion units in bulk to rental project investors and operators. We do not expect to continue to acquire additional condominium conversion and similar projects.

 

In recent years, our financial results have been influenced significantly by the availability of building lots, the timing of entitlement processes, the mix of products available for sale and the timing of settlements. The amount of time that it takes to bring a new development to market varies greatly depending on, among other things, the location and jurisdiction, governmental zoning and permitting processes, site development conditions, weather conditions, and the type of product to be constructed on the subject site. There can be a six to 36-month lag time between the time we contract to purchase a site and the time we begin developing and/or delivering homes on the site. For example, a site that requires entitlement processing takes longer than a site where we purchase finished building lots. Additionally, condominium homes take longer to construct than townhouses and single-family homes and high-rise developments take longer to construct than low-rise developments. As a result of this lag, it has been our experience that an increasing lot inventory in one period does not necessarily correlate to increasing sales in the

immediately following periods. Thus, there are both market risks and benefits associated with the lag time between controlling a property and realizing revenue from the property.

 

We can experience significant variation from one period to the next with respect to average price per new order and average settlement revenue. This variation often results from shifts in the mix of products being sold during the period. While it is most typical that single-family homes are priced higher than townhouses or condominiums, it is possible that during a given period, orders and deliveries may include townhouses, based on location, that price higher than single-family homes. Likewise, in any project in any period, condominium units may produce higher average per unit sales prices and/or settlement revenues. Lower average per unit orders or settlements does not necessarily indicate that margins have been eroded or that profits have been reduced. Average settlement revenue can be both higher and lower than average price per new order in the prior period based on the mix of available product for sale.

 

Our general business strategy is to focus on for sale residential real estate development opportunities in the southeastern United States that afford us the ability to produce products at price points where we believe there is significant and consistent long-term demand for new housing. We believe the housing industry is cyclical in nature. We recognize that current market conditions are extremely challenging. Accordingly, we have adapted our business plan and strategy with the goal of protecting liquidity, enhancing our balance sheet and positioning the Company for future growth when market conditions improve. In order to protect our liquidity we have adopted a conservative approach to land acquisition and investment and have taken a patient approach with respect to market expansion. We believe that by doing so we are enhancing our ability to take advantage of attractive real estate investment opportunities in our core markets as market conditions improve. At December 31, 2006, we either owned or controlled under option agreements over 5,700 building lots.

 

For the 12 month periods ended December 31, the approximate average order prices for our market rate homes (which exclude county government mandated affordable housing program units required to be sold at a discount) were as follows:

 

 

 

 

Recent accounting pronouncements

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently reviewing the effect of SFAS 157 on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“FIN 48”), to create a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for income taxes, by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also provides guidance on de-recognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company will adopt FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007, as required. The cumulative effect of adopting FIN 48 will be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position. The adoption of FIN 48 may cause greater volatility in the effective tax rate going forward. The Company expects to record a benefit of approximately $1,194 as a benefit to opening retained earnings as a result of the adoption of FIN 48.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Our consolidated and combined financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, which require us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the

reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the consolidation of variable interest entities, revenue recognition, impairment of real estate held for development and sale, warranty reserve and our environmental liability exposure. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

 

A summary of significant accounting policies is provided in Note 2 to our audited consolidated and combined financial statements. The following section is a summary of certain aspects of those accounting policies that require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and estimates.

 

Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities

 

In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” or FIN 46. FIN 46 requires the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity to consolidate that entity. A variable interest entity is created when (i) the equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity from financing its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties or (ii) equity holders either (a) lack direct or indirect ability to make decisions about the entity, (b) are not obligated to absorb expected losses of the entity or (c) do not have the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity if they occur. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is the party that absorbs a majority of the variable interest entity’s expected losses, receives a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns, or both, as a result of ownership, contractual or other financial interests in the entity. Expected losses are the expected negative variability of an entity’s net assets exclusive of its variable interests, and expected residual returns are the expected positive variability in the fair value of an entity’s assets, exclusive of variable interests. Prior to the issuance of FIN 46, an enterprise generally consolidated an entity when the enterprise had a controlling financial interest in the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest.

 

In December 2003, the FASB issued a revision of FIN 46 (“FIN 46-R”), clarifying certain provisions of FIN 46. We adopted the provisions of FIN 46-R on February 1, 2003 to the extent that they related to variable interest entities created on or after that date. For variable interest entities created before January 31, 2003, FIN 46-R was deferred to the end of the first interim or annual period ending after March 15, 2004. We fully adopted FIN 46-R effective March 31, 2004. Based on the provisions of FIN 46-R, we have concluded that whenever we option land or lots from an entity and pay a significant nonrefundable deposit, a variable interest entity is created under condition (ii) (b) of the previous paragraph. This is because we have been deemed to have provided subordinated financial support, which refers to variable interests that will absorb some or all of an entity’s expected theoretical losses if they occur. Therefore, for each variable interest entity created, we compute the expected losses and residual returns based on the probability of future cash flows as outlined in FIN 46 to determine if we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity.

 

The methodology used to evaluate our primary beneficiary status requires substantial management judgment and estimation. These judgments and estimates involve assigning probabilities to various estimated cash flow possibilities relative to the selling entity’s expected profits and losses and the cash flows associated with changes in the fair value of the land under contract. Because we do not have any ownership interests in the entities with which we contract to buy land (such as LLCs), we may not have the ability to compel these entities to provide financial or other data to assist us in the performance of the primary beneficiary evaluation. This lack of direct information from the contracting entities may result in our evaluation being conducted solely based on the aforementioned management judgments and estimates. Further, where we deem ourselves to be the primary beneficiary of such an entity created after December 31, 2003 and that entity refuses to provide financial statements, we utilize estimation techniques to perform the consolidation. While management believes that our estimation techniques provide a reasonable basis for determining the financial condition of an entity that refuses to provide financial statements, the actual financial condition of the entity could differ from that reported. In addition, although management believes that our accounting policy is designed to properly assess our primary beneficiary status relative to our involvement with the entities from which we acquire land, changes to the probabilities and the cash flow possibilities used in our evaluation could produce different conclusions regarding our primary beneficiary status.

Revenue Recognition

 

We primarily derive our earned revenues from the sale of residential property. We recognize residential revenue and all related costs and expenses when full payment has been received, title and possession of the property has been conveyed and risks and rewards of ownership transfer to the buyer and other sale and profit recognition criteria are satisfied. Management estimates of future costs to be incurred after the completion of each sale are included in cost of sales. A change in circumstances that causes these estimates of future costs to increase or revenues to decrease would significantly affect the profit recognized on these sales.

 

Impairment of Real Estate Held for Development and Sale

 

Real estate held for development and sale includes land, land development costs, interest and other construction costs and is stated at cost or, when circumstances or events indicate that the real estate held for development or sale is impaired, at estimated fair value. Circumstances or events we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include the following:

 

 

Real estate is stated at the lower of cost or estimated fair value using the methodology described as follows. A write-down to estimated fair value is recorded when we determine that the net book value exceeds the estimated selling prices less cost to sell. These evaluations are made on a property-by-property basis. When we determine that the net book value of an asset may not be recoverable based upon the estimated undiscounted cash flow, an impairment write-down is recorded. The evaluation of future cash flows and fair value of individual properties requires significant judgment and assumptions, including estimates regarding expected sales prices, development absorption and remaining development costs. Significant adverse changes in circumstances affecting these judgments and assumptions in future periods could cause a significant impairment adjustment to be recorded. As discussed in Note 5 in the accompanying financial statements, we recorded impairment charges of $9.5 million in second quarter 2006, $1.8 million in third quarter 2006 and $39.9 million during the fourth quarter of 2006.

 

Warranty Reserve

 

Warranty reserves for houses sold are established to cover potential costs for materials and labor with regard to warranty-type claims expected to arise during the one-year warranty period provided by us or within the five-year statutorily mandated structural warranty period. Since we generally subcontract our home building work, subcontractors are required to provide us with an indemnity and a certificate of insurance prior to receiving payments for their work. Claims relating to workmanship and materials are generally the primary responsibility of the subcontractors and product manufacturers. The warranty reserve is established at the time of closing, and is calculated based upon historical warranty cost experience and current business factors. Variables used in the calculation of the reserve, as well as the adequacy of the reserve based on the number of homes still under warranty, are reviewed on a periodic basis. Although management considers the warranty reserve to be adequate, there can be no assurance that this reserve will prove to be adequate over time to cover losses due to increased costs for material and labor, the inability or refusal of manufacturers or subcontractors to financially participate in corrective action, unanticipated adverse legal settlements, or other unanticipated changes to the assumptions used to estimate the warranty reserve.

 

Environmental Liability Exposure

 

Development and sale of real property creates a potential for environmental liability on our part as owner and developer, for our own acts as well as the acts of prior owners of the subject property or owners or past owners of adjacent parcels. If hazardous substances are discovered on or emanating from any of our properties, we and prior owners may be held liable for costs and liabilities relating to those hazardous substances. We generally undertake

environmental studies in connection with our property acquisitions, when warranted. If we incur environmental remediation costs in connection with properties we previously sold, including clean up costs, consulting fees for environmental studies and investigations, monitoring costs, and legal costs relating to clean up, litigation defense and the pursuit of responsible third parties, they are expensed. We capitalize costs relating to land under development and undeveloped land as part of development costs. Costs incurred for properties to be sold are deferred and charged to cost of sales when the properties are sold. Should a previously undetected, substantial environmental hazard be found on our properties, significant liquidity could be consumed by the resulting clean up requirements and a material expense may be recorded. Further, governmental regulation on environmental matters affecting residential development could impose substantial additional expense on us, which could adversely affect our results of operations or the value of properties owned under contract, or purchased by us. For additional information regarding risks associated with environmental hazards and environmental regulation, see “Business — Risk Factors — We are Subject to Certain Environmental Laws and the Cost of Compliance Could Adversely Affect our Business.”

 

Results of Operations

 

Year ended December 31, 2006 compared to year ended December 31, 2005

 

Orders, backlog and cancellations

 

Net new orders for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased $35.5 million, or 15.4%, to $194.7 million on 794 homes as compared to $230.3 million on 631 homes for the year ended December 31, 2005. The 187 unit increase in new orders was primarily attributable to increased condominium and bulk condominium conversion sales at Carter Lake and Countryside which were offset by decreases in sales at our Eclipse project which was substantially pre-sold in 2005. The Company’s 2006 acquisitions of Parker Chandler Homes Inc., and Capitol Homes Inc., in the Georgia and North Carolina markets, contributed approximately 122 and 91 new order units, respectively.

 

The average sale price per new order for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased by $120,000 to $245,000 as compared to $365,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease in average sales price per new order is attributable to lower priced product offerings in our North Carolina and Georgia markets, higher sales of lower priced condominiums, discounted bulk sales of condominium conversion units and general price decreases throughout in response to slower demand throughout our markets as compared to 2005. Our backlog at December 31, 2006 decreased $49.1 million, or 27.4%, to $141.3 million on 345 homes as compared to our backlog at December 31, 2005 of $190.4 million on 475 homes. Of the Company’s December 31, 2006 backlog, approximately $116.5 million is derived from 258 orders at the Company’s Eclipse on Center Park at Potomac Yard project, of which $46.1 million on 134 units settled in the fourth quarter of 2006.

 

Our average cancellation rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 was approximately 17.3% on 989 gross new orders compared to cancellation rate of 14.6% on 730 gross new orders for the comparable period in 2005. Cancellations were most prevalent in the greater Washington, DC market where we experienced 122 cancellations on 665 gross new orders or 18.8%. At the Eclipse project we experienced 35 cancellations on 46 new orders although most of the cancellations we related to contracts entered into in 2004. In the Raleigh market our cancellation rate was 3.4% on six cancellations out of 175 gross new orders and in the Atlanta market our cancellation rate was 26.2% on 43 cancellations out of 164 gross new orders. We believe that the high rate of cancellations in our Atlanta market was due in part to the first-time buyer orientation of our products as well as a slowing of the resale market for our move-up buyers.

 

Revenues

 

The number of homes delivered in the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by 51.6%, or 311 homes, to 914 from 603 homes in the year ended December 31, 2005. Average revenue per home delivered decreased by approximately $96,000 or 27% to $263,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to $359,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005. In December 2006, the Company delivered an additional 30 bulk sale units at its Countryside condominium project to a related party purchaser who is a former officer of the Company for $4.2 million and subsequently entered into a marketing and sales agreement with the buyer to sell the units on his

behalf. Because the Company will participate in the profits of the sales, the Company is deemed to have an on-going involvement and as such the revenue from the sale of these units was deferred and will be recognized along with the revenue generated from the marketing agreement as Other Revenue at the time the units are delivered to subsequent purchasers.

 

Homebuilding revenues increased by $23.8 million, or 11.0%, to $240.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to $216.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The total number of homes delivered and total homebuilding revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 includes 259 homes and $40.0 in revenue related to the bulk sale of the Company’s Carter Lake condominium conversion project. The Company delivered this project in its entirety to a rental operator during November 2006.

 

Excluding the sale of Carter Lake, the increase in the number of units delivered is attributable to the company’s Eclipse project which delivered 134 units, and the Company’s expansion in the North Carolina and Atlanta markets as a result of the acquisition of Capitol Homes Inc. and Parker Chandler Homes Inc. During the year ended December 31, 2006 we delivered 705 homes in Raleigh and 107 homes in Atlanta as compared to 132 homes in Raleigh and 0 homes in Atlanta for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease in revenues and average revenue per home is attributable to lower priced product offerings in our North Carolina and Georgia markets, higher sales of lower priced condominiums and condominium conversion units and general decreases in the prices of homes as compared to 2005.

 

Other Revenues

 

Other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased by $2.2 million, or 27.5% to $5.8 million, as compared to $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. Other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 includes lot sales made to third parties, revenue associated with the Company’s Settlement Title Services division, management fees received from Comstock Asset Management Inc. (as discussed in Note 12), and revenue received from a marketing services alliance. The decrease is attributable to lower overall lot sales during 2006 as compared to 2005. The Company considers a sale to be from homebuilding when there is a structure built on the lot when it is sold. Sales of lots occur, and are included in Other Revenues, when the Company sells raw or finished home sites in advance of any substantial home construction.

 

Cost of Sales and Cost of sales other

 

Cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased $57.4 million, or 37.2%, to $211.4 million, or 88.1% of homebuilding revenue, as compared to $152.9 million, or 70.7% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2005. The 17.4 percentage point increase in cost of sales as a percentage of homebuilding revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 is attributable to several factors. Due to weakening market conditions, we have extended the sales cycle of many of our projects, which in turn has increased direct costs per unit by increasing the amount of real estate tax, interest and overhead capitalized to the project. In many cases, since we relive our capitalized costs pro-rata to the individual lots, fewer remaining lots must absorb increased costs. In addition, we have experienced pricing concessions and increases in material and labor costs throughout our markets. Due to the factors stated above, the Company expects costs of sales as a percentage of revenue to continue to face additional upward pressure until general market conditions improve, costs of materials moderate and new inventory is acquired. Cost of sales other for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by $1.6 million, or 44.4% to $5.2 million, as compared to $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. Cost of sales other for the year ended December 2006 and 2005 includes expenses associated with lot sales made to third parties and expenses associated with the management of the Company’s Settlement Title Services division. Cost of sales other as a percentage of other revenue was 89.7% and 45.0% for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 respectively. The 44.7 percentage point increase in cost of sales other as a percentage of other revenue is due to the Company selling lots at book value to exit underperforming projects as compared to sales of lots for a gain in 2005.

 

Impairments and write-offs

 

As discussed in Note 3 in the accompanying notes to the financial statements, the Company, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, recorded impairment charges of $51.2 and $1.2 million, respectively. For the year

ended December 31, 2006 the Company wrote-off $6.2 million related to deposits on forfeited option contacts, value assigned to forfeited option contracts and related feasibility costs. Based on management’s assessment of current market conditions and estimates for the future, the Company believes there are no additional impairments warranted at this time. However, if market conditions continue to deteriorate or actual costs are higher than budgeted, the Company would be required to re-evaluate the recoverability of its real estate held for development and sale and may incur additional impairment charges. Total impairments and write-offs were taken in all of our geographic regions, with approximately $26.8 million, $7.5 million and $23.1 million in the Washington metro area, North and South Carolina and Georgia, respectively. The bulk of the Company’s impairments, $36.4 million, were recorded at December 31, 2006 based on the continuing need for price concession the weakening of pricing power and increasing inventory costs resulting from the capitalization of interest, overheads and real estate taxes.

 

At December 31, 2006, the Company had approximately $3.8 million related to non-refundable option deposits to purchase real estate. In addition, the Company has approximately $7.9 million related to feasibility costs incurred on projects under option agreements or under feasibility study periods. The Company is in the process of re-negotiating its remaining option contracts for both price concessions and deferral of scheduled lot purchases. The Company could incur additional write downs in the event the Company is not successful in renegotiating terms of existing option contracts and choose to cancel its option and not close on the underlying land.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative costs for the year ended December 31, 2006, increased $13.3 million or 55.0% to $37.5 million, as compared to $24.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. Selling, general and administrative expenses represented 15.3% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006, as compared to 10.8% for the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

This increase was the result of additional staffing and related compensation costs of $5.2 million, increased media and other marketing related costs of $2.5 million, office and model rent of $1.2 million, feasibility and consulting fees of $2.4 million, and legal fees of $ 0.4 million, and general administrative expenses including depreciation and amortization of $1.6 million.

 

In addition, our acquisition during the year of both Parker Chandler Homes and Capitol Homes increased our selling, general and administrative expenses by $4.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

 

Operating income

 

Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased $108.1 million to $(65.7) million as compared to $42.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. Operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2006 was (26.7%) compared to 18.9% for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease in operating margin is primarily attributable to $57.4 million of impairments and write-offs for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. Net of impairments and write-offs, operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $(8.3) million which represents a decrease of $50.7 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 2005. The additional decrease over the impairments and write-offs is attributable to higher costs of sales as a percentage of revenue and increased selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue.

 

Other (income) expense, net

 

Other (income) expense, net increased by $37,000 to net other income of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to net other income of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

Income before minority interest

 

Income before minority interest decreased by $106.1 million, or 241.8%, to $(64.2) million for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to $43.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease is consistent with the decrease in Operating Income detailed above.

Minority interest

 

Minority interest expense decreased by $15,000 to $15,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to $30,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease is the primarily the result of a slower pace of deliveries at the Company’s Comstock North Carolina subsidiary in which there is a small minority partner who retained its interest at the initial public offering when all other minority interests were purchased by Comstock Homebuilding Companies, Inc.

 

Income taxes

 

Income tax (benefit) expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $(24.5) million compared to $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. Our combined effective tax rate including both current and deferred provisions for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 38.1% as compared to 37.3% for the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

Year ended December 31, 2005 compared to year ended December 31, 2004

 

Orders and Backlog

 

New orders for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased $5.9 million, or 2.7%, to $230.3 million on 631 homes as compared to $224.2 million on 608 homes for the year ended December 31, 2004. This increase in new orders was primarily attributable to an increase in saleable inventory resulting from the opening of new projects including Penderbrook (183 sales), Villas at Countryside (58 sales) and Commons on Potomac Square (19 sales).

 

The average sale price per new order for the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased by $4,000 to $365,000 as compared to $369,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004. The decrease was a result of significant amount of unit sales at our Penderbrook, Villas at Countryside and Bellemeade Farms condominium conversion projects, in which existing apartment units are being converted to condominiums. By design, sales prices tend to be lower in these conversion projects as compared to our new construction projects. Our strategy with respect to conversion projects is to identify assets where we can offer lower priced, affordable product to first time home buyers. We focus on older assets where we can add value while maintaining price points which are more attractive to our target buyers. Because we tend to be buying, renovating, and selling older assets that are in prime locations we are able to position the assets to be more affordable, and therefore, average new order prices are lower. On average, the sale price of our townhouses increased by approximately $81,900 during the year ended December 31, 2005 to $443,600 from $361,700 at December 31, 2004. On average, the sale price of our single-family homes increased by approximately $89,500 during the year ended December 31, 2005 to $598,200 from $508,700 at December 31, 2004. The average sale price of our condominiums increased by $32,100 to $413,100 for the period ending December 31, 2005 as compared to $381,000 for the period ended December 31, 2004.

 

Our backlog at December 31, 2005 increased $15.8 million, or 9.1%, to $190.4 million on 475 homes as compared to our backlog at December 31, 2004 of $174.6 million on 329 homes. Of our December 31, 2005 backlog, approximately $157.6 million is derived from 390 sold units at our Eclipse on Center Park at Potomac Yard project.

 

Revenues

 

The number of homes delivered in the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 129.3.0% to 603 from 263 homes in the year ended December 31, 2004. Average revenue per home delivered increased by approximately $28,000 to $359,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005 as compared to $331,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004. Homebuilding revenues increased by $129.3 million, or 148.6%, to $216.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 as compared to $87.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase in deliveries and revenues from December 31, 2004 to December 31, 2005 is primarily attributable to settlements from the opening of new communities and the release of inventory for sale at projects such as Penderbrook (180 units), Villas at Countryside (53 units), Bellemeade Farms (21 units), Woodlands at Round Hill (17 units) and Commons on William Square (56 units). In addition, we generated 33 settlements in 2005, as a result of its merger with Comstock Service in December 2004.

Other Revenue

 

Other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased by $1.0 million, or 11% to $8.0 million, as compared to $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 includes lot sales made to third parties, revenue associated with our Settlement Title Services division, management fees received from Comstock Asset Management Inc. (as discussed in Note 12), and revenue received from a marketing services alliance. For the year ended December 31, 2004, other revenue included revenues associated with the management of Comstock Service. The decrease in other revenue was primarily the result of not recording management revenues from Comstock Service, which was merged into Comstock Homebuilding on December 17, 2004.

 

Cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses.

 

Cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased $96.7 million, or 168.8%, to $154.1 million, or 71.3% of homebuilding revenue, as compared to $57.3 million, or 65.9% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2004. The 5.4 percentage point increase in cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2005 is primarily attributable to lower margins on sales in the North Carolina market and the increase in settlements from the opening of our condominium conversion projects.

 

As discussed above, Comstock Service, our North Carolina division, was merged into Comstock Homebuilding on December 17, 2004. Due to current market conditions in the North Carolina market, which have caused extended hold and carry periods between acquisition and delivery, we experienced lower margins on its North Carolina settlements, as compared to margins in the Washington, DC market, primarily due to increasing interest and overhead carrying costs and modest revenue concessions. In addition, as discussed in Note 5 in the accompanying financial statements, we recorded a $1.2 million impairment charge on the carrying value of real estate held for development and sale at Kelton II, a townhouse community in Raleigh, North Carolina. For 2005, our North Carolina’s projects accounted for 5.5% of our total settlements and 5.2% of total homebuilding revenues. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue for our North Carolina division was approximately 84.2%

 

In addition, our newly opened condo conversion projects experienced lower margins than our traditional homebuilding projects due to the nature of a conversion project in which we buy an existing structure, adds value through upgrades and sells the renovated units with a focus on affordability. As a result, costs of sales tend to be higher as a percentage of revenue than our new construction projects. For 2005, our condo conversion projects accounted for 42.1% of our total settlements and 30.1% of total homebuilding revenues. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue for our condo conversion projects was approximately 86.1%.

 

Cost of sales other for the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased by $3.1 million, or 45.8% to $3.6 million, as compared to $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Cost of sales for the year ended December 2005 and 2004 includes expenses associated with lot sales made to third parties and expenses associated with the management of our Settlement Title Services division. For the year ended December 2004, cost of sales other also included expenses associated with the management of Comstock Service, which was merged into Comstock Homebuilding on December 17, 2004. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2005, as compared to 2004, was primarily the result not recording costs associated with the management of Comstock Service.

 

Selling, general and administrative costs for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased $12.3 million to $24.1 million from $11.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. As a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses represented 10.8% and 12.4% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. This increase was the result of additional staffing costs and compensation of $5.5 million to support our growth, increased advertising expenses of $740,000, board fees and stock compensation of $2.0 million, office and model rent of $1.2 million, consulting fees of $928,000, legal and computer expenses of $458,000, insurance costs of $268,000 and other miscellaneous expenses associated with our growth in staffing and land acquisition efforts of $1.1 million.

Operating income

 

Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased $22.3 million to $42.4 million as compared to $20.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2005 was 18.9% compared to 20.9% for the year ended December 31, 2004. The decrease in operating margin is primarily attributable to an increase in cost of sales as a percentage of revenue as discussed above.

 

Other (income) expense, net

 

Other (income) expense, net increased by $2.4 million to net other income of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 as compared to net other expense of 908,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase in other (income) expense is primarily attributable to interest earned on our cash balances generated as a result of the proceeds from our initial and follow on public offering.

 

Income before minority interest

 

Our income before minority interest increased by $24.7 million, or 228%, to $43.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 as compared to $19.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Net margins as a percentage of revenues remained consistent at approximately 20% for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 

Minority interest

 

Minority interest expense decreased by $5.2 million to $30,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005 as compared to $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. This decrease is the result of our repurchase or redemption of substantially all of the minority interests in four of our limited liability company subsidiaries including Comstock Investors V, L.C., Comstock Investors VI, L.C., Comstock Potomac Yard, L.C. and Comstock North Carolina, L.L.C. subsequent to our initial public offering in December 2004.

 

Income taxes

 

On December 17, 2004, we reorganized from a group of S-corporations to a C-corporation. As a result, we were subject to income taxes for only 14 days during 2004. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2005 was $16.4 million compared to $(241,000) for the year ended December 31, 2004. Our combined effective tax rate including both current and deferred provisions for the year ended December 31, 2005 was 37.3%.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We require capital to post deposits on new deals, to purchase and develop land, to construct homes, to fund related carrying costs and overhead and to fund various advertising and marketing programs to facilitate sales. These expenditures include engineering, entitlement, architecture, site preparation, roads, water and sewer lines, impact fees and earthwork, as well as the construction costs of the homes and amenities. Our sources of capital include, and will continue to include, funds derived from various secured and unsecured borrowings, operations which include the sale of constructed homes and finished lots, and the sale of equity securities. Our currently owned and controlled inventory of home sites will require substantial capital to develop and construct.

 

In production home building, it is common for builders such as us to employ revolving credit facilities whereby the maximum funding available under the facility exceeds the maximum outstanding balance allowed at any given time. Our overall borrowing capacity may be constrained by loan covenants which limit the ratio of our total liabilities to our total equity. This revolving debt will typically provide for funding of an amount up to a pre-determined percentage of the cost of each asset funded. The balance of the funding for that asset is provided for by us as equity. The efficiency of revolving debt in production home building allows us to operate with less overall debt capital than would be required if we built each project with long-term amortizing debt. At December 31, 2006, we had approximately $ 295.4 million of debt financing and $21.3 million of unrestricted cash. Credit markets are tightening as a result of the slowing of demand for residential for-sale housing and the oversupply of speculative inventory in the market. In spite of this, we believe that internally generated cash, borrowings available under

existing and new credit facilities and access to public debt and equity markets will provide us with sufficient access to capital to meet our existing and expected capital needs.

 

Credit Facilities

 

A majority of our debt is variable rate, based on LIBOR or the prime rate plus a specified number of basis points, typically ranging from 190 to 375 basis points over the LIBOR rate and from 25 to 100 basis points over the prime rate. As a result, we are exposed to market risk in the area of interest rate changes. At December 31, 2006, the one-month LIBOR and prime rates of interest were 5.32% and 7.25%, respectively, and the interest rates in effect under our existing secured revolving acquisition, development and construction credit facilities ranged from 7.22% to 9.07 %. For information regarding risks associated with our level of debt and changes in interest rates, see “Business-Risk Factors” and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

 

On May 26, 2006 we entered into $40 million Secured Revolving Borrowing Base Credit Facility for the financing of entitled land, land under development, construction and letters of credit. All letters of credit issued will also be secured by collateral in the facility. Funding availability will be limited to compliance with a borrowing base and facility covenants. As of December 31, 2006, $40.0 million was outstanding with this facility. At December 31, 2006 we were not in compliance with the financial covenants of this credit facility, however the lender did not issue a notice of default as was their right. In February 2007 we entered into a Forbearance Agreement with the lender which reduced the covenants and eliminated the ability of the lender to claim an event of default as a result of non-compliance with the financial covenants of the original loan. The Forbearance Agreement runs through March 2008.

 

On May 4, 2006 we closed on a $30 million Junior Subordinated Note Offering. The term of the note was thirty years and it could be retired after five years with no penalty. The rate was fixed at 9.72% the first five years and LIBOR plus 420 basis points the remaining twenty-five years. As of December 31, 2006, we were not in compliance with the financial covenants of the Note, however the lender did not issue a notice of default as was their right. In March 2007 we retired the original notes and entered into a new 10-year $30 million Senior Secured Note Offering with the same lender at the same interest rate. We are in compliance with all covenants associated with the new notes.

 

As of December 31, 2006, we had $8.1 million outstanding to Key Bank. Under the terms of the loan agreement, we are required to maintain certain covenants. As of December 31, 2006 we were not in compliance with the interest coverage covenant of the loans by which we are required to maintain a specified EBITDA to debt service ratio, however the lender did not issue a notice of default as was their right. In January 2007 we entered into loan modification agreements lower the interest coverage ratio. We are in compliance with the loans as modified.

 

As of December 31, 2006 we had $10.3 million outstanding to M&T Bank. Under the terms of the loan agreement, we are required to maintain certain covenants. As of December 31, 2006 we were not incompliance with both the interest coverage covenant of the loans by which we are required to maintain a specified EBITDA to debt service ratio and the minimum tangible net worth covenant, however the lender did not issue a notice of default as was their right. In March 2007 we entered into loan modification agreements lower the interest coverage ratio and the tangible net worth covenant. We are in compliance with the loans as modified.

 

On October 24, 2006 we received a purported notice of default under a $46 million credit facility with Bank of America related to our Bellemeade condominium project in Leesburg, Virginia. We disputed the notice and received a stand-still agreement from Bank of America until December 29, 2006. During the term of the stand-still agreement we had a $26 million secured loan and a $10 million unsecured loan mature. Prior to the expiration of the stand-still agreement we negotiated a settlement with Bank of America whereby the bank withdrew the purported notice of default in connection with a $26 million reduction in the secured loan (from proceeds of the $40 million sale of the collateral) and a $5 million reduction in the outstanding balance of the unsecured loan. All other curtailments were extended. All financial covenants of the Company with Bank of America were removed as part of the settlement.

 

In December 2005 the Company entered into a $147 million secured, limited recourse loan with Corus Bank related to our Eclipse project. Under the terms of the loan there is a single deed of trust covering two loan traunches.

The two traunches have varying interest rates with Traunche A at LIBOR plus 375 basis points and Traunche B at 16.0%. At December 31, 2006 our outstanding balance under this loan was $85.7 million.

 

From time to time, we employ subordinated and unsecured credit facilities to supplement our capital resources or a particular project or group of projects. Our lenders under these credit facilities will typically charge interest rates that are substantially higher than those charged by the lenders under our senior and secured credit facilities. These credit facilities will vary with respect to terms and costs. As of December 31, 2006, only one unsecured credit facility remained in place. And at December 31, 2006 the annual variable interest rate on the facility was 7.52% and $5.0 million was outstanding under the facility. We intend to continue to use these types of facilities on a selected basis to supplement our capital resources.

 

Many of our loan facilities contains Material Adverse Effect Clauses which if invoked could create an event of default under the loan. In the event all our loans were deemed to be in default as a result of a Material Adverse Effect, our ability to meet our capital and debt obligations would be compromised.

 

As illustrated by the following debt maturity schedule, we have a significant amount of debt maturing in 2007. In our industry, it is customary for secured debt to be renewed until a project is complete but we have no assurance that this will be the case with our debts. Our recently reported and cured loan covenant violations, may impact our ability to renew and extend our debt.

 

As of December 31, 2006, future maturities of our borrowings are as follows: